Extraction of pequi pulp oil (Caryocar brasiliense): influence of the operational variables / ExtraÃÃo do Ãleo da polpa de pequi (Caryocar brasiliense): influÃncia das variÃveis operacionais

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2007

RESUMO

The use of pequi oil in industrial products has led to the study by processes alternative to handmade extraction. The objective is to arrive adequate to its extraction and which warrants the quality of the oil. In this essence, it is necessary to study the influences of the variables on the yield and quality of the extraction of pequi pulp oil. In chapter II, the objective was evaluating the influence of the treatment of pequi pulp in the process of oil extraction in batches by utilizing acetone as a solvent. The effect of cooking (water steam at 98ÂC for 15 minutes), laminaÃÃo (thickness of 1mm) and drying (40ÂC for 4 hours) was evaluated. It follows that the highest yield was obtained from the drying processing the absence of cooking. In chapter III, the influence of different methods was evaluated (in the sun, oven at 40ÂC and at 60ÂC) and drying times (4 hours and to constant weight) on the yield and quality of the oil extracted by solvent. The extraction of the oil was performed in the soxhlet extractor, by employing hexane as a solvent. Physicochemical analyses to evaluate the quality of the oil were conducted. The results showed that drying in the oven at 40ÂC to constant weight presented high yields without affecting oil quality. But in chapter IV, the study of oil extraction by different solvents (hexane, acetone and ethylic alcohol) and their mixtures was undertaken by employing a simplex centroid design. Extraction process was performed at the temperature of 50ÂC, under stirring of 22Hz for 16 hours, by employing the solid-liquid ratio of 1:10 p/p. the highest oil yields were obtained in the extraction of acetone and hexane, mainly their mixtures with ethylic alcohol. The different sorts of solvent did not influence the index of iodine, saponification and refraction. The extract obtained with ethylic alcohol revealed to be inferior to the other extracts as far as acidity was concerned, but the value of carotenoid content was higher, in the same way as acetone. The fatty acid profile of the oil fraction of the extract did not range with the different sorts of treatments.

ASSUNTO(S)

c. brasiliense camb. pequi oil solvent extraction oleaginous extract secagem Ãleo de pequi alimentos extrato oleaginoso extraÃÃo por solvente c. brasiliense camb. drying

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