Expressões da espiritualidade em pessoas que vivem com HIV/Aids a partir das representações sociais acerca da síndrome: implicações para o cuidado de enfermagem / Expressions of spirituality of people living with HIV/Aids from the social representations of the syndrome: implications for nursing care

Caren Camargo do Espírito Santo

This study has as its theme the spirituality of people living with HIV/Aids and its general aim is to analyze the expressions of spirituality of people living with HIV/Aids in the context of representational constructions on the syndrome, aiming to generate the proposal of a reflection on the nursing care as a technology which can stimulate this human dimension. This is a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory research based on the processual and structural approaches from the Social Representations Theory. With regard to methodology, it has two stages: in the first, thirty people with HIV/Aids undergoing ambulatory treatment at a municipal hospital in Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil, participated. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed through Bardin s content analysis. In the second, one hundred people treated in the hospital concerned participated. The data were collected through the free evocations technique and analyzed using the software EVOC. All data were collected on 2009. From analyzing the interviews, five categories emerged, which were named as: from suffering to the difficulty to make sense of the diagnosis; getting over it: making senses; from the difficulty in treatment adherence to the hope of cure; the relationships as a spirituality expression; and the presence of religiosity in the living with HIV/Aids. One realizes that the diagnostic finding is marked by an intense and inevitable suffering, mainly related to the social representation of aids, which is linked to death and discrimination. In the other hand, after the impact of the positive diagnosis, the participants find a sense to life, beginning to re-signify it. The difficulty of adherence is seen as a compromised experience of spirituality. The hope for cure is highlighted, divine or non-divine, and there are expressions of spirituality in the relationships with oneself, the other, and the divine. Religiosity is present in the living with HIV/Aids, especially for explaining the origin of aids in the world. With regard to the representational structure of aids, the evocations from the general group and those related to the participants gender and religion underwent a comparative analysis. The possible central nucleus of the general group consists of the words fear, death, sadness, and life, affective elements which were identified in the interviews. The representational structure of the female gender overlaps that of the general group and differs from that of men, which assumes a more rational character. One concludes that the suffering to the impact of the diagnosis can lead to the difficulty to find a sense to life and, therefore, to experience spirituality. Even so, as time passes by, this difficulty begins to be replaced by another sense to life, leading to its re-signifying. The representational structure allowed the visualization of how the spirituality elements are organized. One observes a process of transformation of the representations of the syndrome, which coincides with the presence of spirituality. The role of the nurse for the promotion of spiritual is also stressed.

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