Expression of IGF-II, IGF-IR, SF-1 and DAX-1 genes in pediatric and adult adrenocortical tumors / Expressão dos genes IGF-II, IGF-IR, SF-1 e DAX-1 em tumores adrenocorticais de crianças e adultos

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

Introduction: The molecular pathogenesis of adrenocortical tumors is heterogeneous and incompletely understood. Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) overexpression has been demonstrated in adult adrenocortical carcinomas. IGF-II exerts its mitogenic effects through interaction with IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR). In addition, steroidogenic factor 1 gene (SF-1) and dosage-sensitive sex reversal-adrenal hypoplasia congenita critical region on the X chromosome gene (DAX-1), which regulate adrenal development and steroidogenesis, have been also involved in adrenocortical tumorigenesis. Objectives: To analyze gene and protein expression of IGF-II, IGF-IR, SF-1 and DAX-1 in pediatric and adult adrenocortical tumors. We also evaluated the effects of a selective IGF-IR kinase inhibitor (NVP-AEW541) on adrenocortical tumor cell lines. Methods: Gene expression was determined by quantitative real-time PCR in 57 adrenocortical tumors (37 adenomas and 20 carcinomas) from 23 children and 34 adults. Twenty and three patients were younger than 15 years. A tissue microarray analysis was performed on a large cohort of 109 ACT (71 adenomas and 38 carcinomas; 39 children and 70 adults) In addition, the effects of NVP-AEW541 treatment (0.3 to 30M) on proliferation and apoptosis were investigated in the NCI H295 cell line and in a new cell line established from a pediatric adrenocortical adenoma of our cohort. Results: IGF-II transcripts were overexpressed in pediatric adrenocortical carcinomas and adenomas (mean ± SE, 50.8 ± 18.5 vs. 31.2 ± 3.7, respectively; p= 0.23). IGF-II gene expression was significantly higher in adult adrenocortical carcinomas than in adenomas (270.5 ± 130.2 vs. 16.1 ± 13.3; p= 0.0001). The percentual of neoplastic cells immunostaining for IGF-II was not statistically different between pediatric adrenocortical adenomas and carcinomas (14.1 ± 2.8% vs. 31.1 ± 13.1%, respectively; p= 0.32). Otherwise, the percentual of positive neoplastic cells for IGF-II was significantly higher in adult adrenocortical carcinomas than in adenomas (34.4 ± 5.8% vs. 14.2 ± 3.2, respectively; p= 0.03). IGF-IR mRNA levels were significantly higher in pediatric adrenocortical carcinomas than in adenomas (9.1 ± 1.2 vs. 2.6 ± 0.3; p= 0.0001), whereas similar IGF-IR expression levels were identified in adult adrenocortical carcinomas and adenomas (1.6 ± 0.3 vs. 1.8 ± 0.5, respectively; p= 0.75). In a Cox multivariate analysis, IGF-IR gene expression [hazard ratio (HR) 2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2 to 3.1; p= 0.004] and Weiss score (HR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.7; p= 0.003) were independent biomarkers of metastasis in pediatric and adult adrenocortical tumors, respectively. Furthermore, NVP-AEW541 blocked cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner in both NCI H295 and pediatric adrenocortical cell lines through a significant increase of apoptosis. Additionally, SF-1 gene overexpression was identified in 13% and 15% of pediatric and adult adrenocortical tumors, respectively. The percentual of neoplastic cells with nuclear immunoreactivity for SF-1 was significantly higher in pediatric than in adult adrenocortical tumors (29.1 ± 5.4% vs. 8.3 ± 2.3%, respectively; p= 0.0001). These findings suggest that SF-1 overexpression occurs at the translational level in pediatric adrenocortical tumors. DAX-1 gene overexpression was identified in 39% of adrenocortical tumors with a similar frequency in children and adults. Similarly, DAX-1 protein overexpression was identified in 36% and 27% of pediatric and adult adrenocortical tumors, respectively. DAX-1 immunostaining on nuclei was not statistically different in benign and malignant adrenocortical tumors (29.2 ± 3.8% vs. 21.4 ± 5.8% of neoplastic cells, respectively; p= 0.12). Conclusion: IGF-II overexpression has a pivotal role to adrenocortical tumorigenesis. IGFIR overexpression was a potential biomarker of metastases in children with adrenocortical carcinoma. We demonstrated that a selective IGF-IR kinase inhibitor had anti-tumor effects in adult and pediatric ACT cell lines, suggesting that IGF-IR inhibitors represent a promising therapy for human adrenocortical carcinoma. In addition, SF-1 overexpression might be mainly involved in pediatric adrenocortical tumorigenesis. DAX-1 overexpression has an important role to molecular pathogenesis of benign and malignant adrenocortical tumors

ASSUNTO(S)

adrenal cortex neoplasms fatores de transcrição gene expression insulinlike growth factor ii apoptose proliferação de células transcription factors receptor de igf-i igf-i receptor expressão gênica apoptosis neoplasias do córtex supra-renal fator de crescimento insulin-like ii cell proliferation

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