Evaluation of rations with different physical forms for Holstein heifers / AvaliaÃÃo de raÃÃes com diferentes formas fÃsicas para bezerros leiteiros

AUTOR(ES)

Mariana Santos

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2004

RESUMO

Performance and development of the rumen are related with the age in which the animals initiate the ingestion of forage and concentrate; these factors can be controlled by the diet, getting a calf ruminant with 7 to 8 weeks old. As faster this development occurs, higher the economical profit in modern systems of calves feeding. Authors are unanimous in affirming that the development of rumen in early ages is intimately associated with solid food consumption (concentrates and hay) by the animals. Several changes have happened in the feeding of cattle, focusing special attention to process of grains. Twenty four Holstein were used with the objective to evaluate concentrate diets physically differentiated and combined with hay and citric pulp until 60 days of age. The intake of concentrate, forage and water had been measured daily, while the weight gain, height at withers and body length were measured weekly. Observations of ingestive behavior were taken in a total of 875 minutes at every five minutes. Chromic oxide was used to estimate total fecal excretion to calculate apparent digestibilidade. The calves had been slaughtered with 60 days of age. Rumen, reticulum and omasum were weighed and the others digestive tract parts were weighed and longitudinally measured. Number and length of ruminal papillae at the cranial and ventral regions were measured. The intake of concentrate, hay and water, the corporal length, the ingestive behavior and the variables measured in gastrointestinal tract were not different between treatments (P>0,05). Differences in intake were observed between ages. The weight gain and the differences in height at withers were also significant between the treatments (P<0,05).

ASSUNTO(S)

zootecnia desempenho processamento ruminal development performance desenvolvimento ruminal processing raÃÃo rations

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