EVALUATION OF RADIOLABELING OF ANNEXIN A5 WITH TECHNETIUM-99m: INFLUENCE OF THE LABELING METHODS ON PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE COMPOUNDS / Avaliação da radiomarcação da anexina A5 com Tecnécio-99m: influência do método de marcação nas propriedades físicos-químicas e biológicas do composto

Josefina da Silva Santos

Annexin A5 (ANXA5) is an intracellular human protein of 36 kDa with high affinity for membrane-bound phosphatidylserine that is selectively exposed on the surface of cells undergoing apoptosis. Apoptosis is important in normal physiology and innumerous pathologic states. Clinical applications for ANXA5 imaging are being developed in oncology, organ transplantation and cardiovascular diseases. Many strategies to radiolabel the protein have been described, including direct labeling, derivatization through a bifunctional chelanting agent (BFC), production of mutated protein or peptide analogs. Several 99mTc-labeling techniques have been reported using different cores, including [Tc=O]+3, [Tc]HYNIC, [TcºN]+2 and [Tc(CO3)]+1. In this study, we evaluated the influence of 99mTc cores on biological behavior and physico-chemical properties of radiolabeled annexin. Radiolabeling procedure using [TcºN]+2 core was a two-step procedure including the reaction of 99mTcO4 - with SDH in the presence of SnCl2 and PDTA to obtain the intermediate 99mTcN-SDH, and successive addition of ANXA5. The results obtained were not satisfactory, despite the high efficiency in the production of the intermediate. The [Tc=O]+3 core was produced using the ethylenedicysteine (EC) as BFC. TSTU was 9 employed in the derivatization to produce the corresponding hydroxysuccinimide ester. Different ANXA5:EC ratios were studied and all labeling conditions resulted in high radiochemical yield but with differences in lipophilicity, stability, biological distribution and affinity for apoptotic cells. The HYNIC-ANXA5 also produced the labeled protein with high radiochemical yield. The stability of the radiolabeled ANXA5 was evaluated after storing at room temperature, at 2 - 8° C and in human serum at 37° C. The analysis of these results showed that the 99mTc-EC-ANXA5 (ratio 10-2) was the most stable compound in all the studied conditions. Partition coefficient assay resulted in lower lipophilicity for EC-complexes than 99mTc-HYNIC-ANXA5. The biological activity of radiolabeled annexins was studied in PC-3 cells with radiation induced apoptosis showing that 99mTc- EC-ANXA5 (ratio 10-2) was the protein with higher percentage of specific binding. In vivo biodistribution of the radiolabeled annexins showed a high uptake in the abdominal region, especially for the HYNIC compound. The results indicated that 99mTc-EC-ANXA5 (10-2) may be an attractive alternative to 99mTc-HYNIC-ANXA5 for the in vivo imaging of phosphatidylserine receptors.

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