Evaluation of physiological effect of fungicides on soybean crop / Avaliação do efeito fisiológico do uso de fungicidas na cultura de soja

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

The use of products with tonic action in plants has stimulated research in different areas of agriculture, where the use of fungicides with physiological effect became important. One of the most promising is the strobilurin Pyraclostrobin, that in addition to the fungicidal action has caused an increase in productivity attributed to the physiological effects provided, which are known in the vegetative and reproductive phases. Therefore, experiments were carried out in greenhouse and field during four consecutive years (2004 to 2007) with the purpose of evaluating the physiological effect on different soybean cultivars to application of the strobilurin Pyraclostrobin. In 2004, the soybean growth, cultivars CD-208, BRS-133 and Conquista, was monitored during the crop cycle using destructive sampling every seven days. The Pyraclostrobin + Epoxiconazole fungicide was applied at the time the plants were in R5, R4 and R3 growth stages, respectively. The treated areas showed higher production of dry matter, greater leaf area index and greater productivity. In 2005, the cultivars Conquista, CD-208 and Monsoy-7501 were used. It was concluded that Pyraclostrobin + Epoxiconazole promotes: (i) increasing of net photosynthesis, (ii) improving the efficiency of nitrogen assimilation due to the increasing of nitrate reductase activity (NRA), (iii) decreasing the ethylene production (reduction of senescence and leaf fall), (iv) increasing the total dry mass, leaf area and chlorophyll content (green effect), (v) improving the performance in environments with more stress; (vi) reducing the incidence of Phomopsis spp. and Cercospora kikuchii in the seed, and (vii) increasing (trend) of oil content in the seed. In 2006, the results were confirmed according to the previous years using the cultivars Monsoy-8008-RR, Monsoy-7878-RR and BRS-245-RR. Besides, it was found that the application of Pyraclostrobin increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase) and reduced the PPO activity and increased levels of the following hormones: cytokinins (zeatin and adenine isopentinil), gibberellins (GA3) and indole butyric acid. In 2007, a greenhouse experiment was carried out to evaluate the response time of physiological variables to the application of strobilurin Pyraclostrobin. The Conquista cultivar was used in pots. In the vegetative phase (V2-V3 and V8-V9 growth stages), physiological effects on gas exchange were observed until 7 DAA and for the NRA and ethylene synthesis (ES) until 16 and 18 DAA, respectively. In the reproductive phase (R1-R2 and R5.1 stages), an increasing of photosynthetic activity was verified until 10 DAA at R1-R2 stage and up to 7 DAA at R5.1 stage. Regarding to the increasing of the ES and NRA, the strobilurin Pyraclostrobin effects were observed only until to 7 and 6 DAA at R1 stage and 3 and 16 DAA at R5.1 stage, respectively.

ASSUNTO(S)

ethylene fungicidas nitrate reductase fisiologia vegetal glycine max l merrill soja. gas exchange

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