Evaluation of acute exposure to aluminum and pH variations in the expression of gonadotropins in Oreochromis niloticus (Teleostei: Cichlidae) / Avaliação da exposição aguda ao alumínio e variações do pH na expressão de gonadotropinas em Oreochromis niloticus (Teleostei: Cichlidae)

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

Aluminum and acidic pH are known to be toxic to the ichthyofauna. The main goal of the present study was to evaluate the effects of aluminum and acidic pH in the reproductive physiology of Oreochromis niloticus. To conduct this experiment, females were exposed to aluminum at 0.5 mg of Al L-1 in neutral pH (Al N), 0.5 mg of Al L-1 in acidic pH (Al - Ac), a control group in neutral pH (CTR N) and acidic pH (CTR Ac) for 96h. After the acute exposition period, the animals were killed and the following tissues, brain, gills, liver, gonads and muscle, were frozen for aluminum determination by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The pituitary was collected and also frozen to quantify the gene expression of the β subunit of the gonadotropins FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone) using qRT-PCR. The results showed that animals exposed to aluminum, even in acidic or neutral pH, accumulated more aluminum in brain and white muscle comparing with their control groups. In the gills, only when the animals were exposed to aluminum in neutral pH, different patterns of accumulation were found and, additionally, females exposed to acidic pH, independent of the water aluminum concentration, accumulated more metal in the gills filament. In the ovaries even the presence of higher aluminum concentration in water and the acidic pH were essential in aluminum deposition. The gene expression data showed that, animals exposed to aluminum in pH 5.5 reduce FSH gene expression, however in neutral pH this alteration was not observed. Animals exposed to aluminum, even in acidic or neutral pH, reduced LH expression. The data analyses of LH gene expression combined with the plasma progestagens, previously known for the same animals, showed that, in adverse pH conditions (acidic), the aluminum role as an endocrine disruptor was translated in alterations in gonad physiology, reducing the production of 17αOHP (hidroxy progesterone), an important hormone in ovulation. On the other hand, when the pH conditions were optimum (neutral), the reduced LH gene expression did not reflect in impairments in the 17αOHP production, which means the animals, somehow, compensated this dysfunction.

ASSUNTO(S)

fish peixes gonadotropinas ph ecotoxicologia aluminum gonadotropins ph reprodução ecotoxicology reproduction alumínio

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