"Eu queria, mas não conseguia...": aspectos relacionados à mudança do comportamento de fumar em participantes de grupos de tabagismo

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

Smoking, priorly considered elegant and charming, was recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a chemical dependency in 1997 and as one of the main death and sickening cause that could be avoided. The WHO estimates that one third of the world adult population smokes about a billion and two hundred million people and although 80% of them intend to quit smoking, less than 3% do so, without formal assistance, every year. In Brazil, since 1989, the National Tobacco Control Program has trained health professionals to use minimum (individual) and intensive (group) approaches to smokers in unities of the Brazilian Public Health System, using theoretical contribution of the cognitive-behavioral therapy and the Transtheoretical Model for Behavior Changes. This research took place in four public health units of Distrito Federal. The objective was to identify characteristics of the smoking behavior and investigate factors that could be related to changes in the smoking behavior on people that participated in the groups. It is a descriptive and cross-sectional research, retrospective and complementary documental outlining that was characterized by the use of quantitative and qualitative techniques of data collection and analysis. The convenience sample was formed by 22 men and 41 women, aged between 30 and 73 years (M=49.63; SD=10.24), that left the groups from six to 12 months before. The instruments used for the data collection were: semi-structure interview scripts; Beck Anxiety Inventory; Beck Depression Inventory; URICA-24 for Tobacco, a scale that evaluates the change readiness by motivational stages; Clinical Chart of the Tobacco Ambulatory; and the Fargerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. Statistical techniques were used to analyze quantitative data and content analysis to the reports obtained with the interviews. The results pointed out that 64% of the sample presented high or very high dependence level to nicotine in the beginning of the treatment. By the time of the data collection, 36 of them were not smoking (57.1%) and 27 had gone back smoking (42.9%). The category colleagues/partners influence was the main reason to start smoking; the decision to change smoking habits were based on health issues. The aspects that most frequently led to relapses were family or work problems, according to the participants reports. On coping strategies to craving, there was a predominance of the use of behavioral strategies rather than cognitive strategies.. Semantic difficulties related to the URICA-24 were detected, what affected the analysis and conclusion of its results. The anxiety and depression scores showed predominance of minimum and light levels and these variables presented a positive and moderate correlation (r=0.41; p<0,001). Family was mentioned as the main source of social support, followed by the treatment group. The condition of the participants by the time of the data collection, smoking or not smoking, had no significant differences according to gender, age group, educational status, family income or marital status, nor to the other variable analyzed. Anxiety, depression (p=0.078 for both) and duration of tobacco use in life (p=0.095) were the variables most nearly of statistical significance, reaching borderline values. As one of the practical implications of this study, the smokers family participation on the intensive care dynamic was suggested. The expectation, after all, is that the results contribute to public health policies on tobacco control.

ASSUNTO(S)

social support grupos de tabagismo psicologia coping strategies smoking behavior change mudança de comportamento estratégias de enfrentamento tobacco groups tabagismo suporte social

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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