Estudos sobre algumas populações brasileiras de Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) longipalpis (Lutz &Neiva, 1912) (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae): morfologia, morfometria e hábitos alimentares / Studies of some populations of brazilian Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) longipalpis (Lutz &Neiva, 1912) (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae): morphology, morphometry and feeding habits

Margarete Martins dos Santos Afonso

Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) longipalpis (Lutz &Neiva 1912) has wide distribution in the Brazilian territory and is incriminated as transmitting the Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi (Cunha &Chagas 1937). Considering the inconsistency of information about the possibility of L. (L.) longipalpis to be a complex or not of species for Brazilian populations, and that information on the biology of this phlebotomine sand fly are still insufficient for the success of the shares to control the LVA, this paper aims to contribute to the knowledge of some Brazilian populations of L. (L.) longipalpis of Teresina (PI), Jequié (BA), and Sobral Massapé (CE) (the latter two were considered four populations, according to the pattern of abdominal spots in males), studying the morphology and morphometry of specimens adult males, and the eating habits of females. In morphology and morphometry were considered 21 characters, distributed by the head, thorax and abdomen, analyzed by ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK). For the knowledge of the blood sources of females the ELISA test was applyied. Data obtained through morphology revealed, among the six populations analyzed, individuals with one par and two pairs of abdominal spots, within the predominance of "one-pair" males. The most frequent palpal formula was 1.2.4.3.5; other two formulae were also observed, although in a few specimens, 1.4.2.3.5 and 1. (2.4) .3.5. In morphometric analysis, through SNK test, were found unions, disjunctions and intersections among populations analyzed. Based on the analysis of six characters, could observe that the Jequié and Teresina populations produced an individual set from those formed by the Ceará populations. In population of Jequié, when compared to population of Ceará (Massapê and Sobral), it can be observed that 79 to 95% of the characters revealed significant differences. By ANOVA, at the crossroads between the population of Ceará, few significant differences were detected. The dendogram created by TFPGA, revealed a split between the Ceará and others populations, and verified that Sobral populations, S1P and S2P, were in isolated arms. Values of bootstrap showed that the populations of Ceará (S1P, S2P, M1P and M2P) in Teresina/Jequié branches are isolated, with a confidence level of 100%. The populations of Sobral, S1P and S2P, have become isolated arms, with 53% of bootstrap. About the blood feeeding sources studies, 609 females were tested, obtaining an index of general positivity of 40.72%. In the municipality of Jequié, the females showed greater positive for the anti-serum of bird, followed by the human, dog and opossum. In Teresina, was found the highest rate of positivity, although with reactivity only for the anti- serum from bird (higher percentage), followed by the dog anti-serum. In sand flies from Sobral, once again, bird anti- serum showed a higher percentage of positivity, followed by dog and opossum. In specimens from Massapê, it was found the greatest diversity of blood sources combinations, being the only population who got reactivity for all anti-sera. Also, in Teresina, Jequié and Sobral, females were identified with reactivity for more than one anti-serum.

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