Estudos morfologicos e ecologicos de especies de Lonchaeidae (Diptera) em frutos de Rubiaceae, Myrtaceae, Roseae e Fabaceae / Morphological and ecological studies of Lonchaeidae (Dipter: Tephritoidea) in fuits of Rubiaceae, Rosaceae and Fabaceae

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

Brazil performs excellent climate conditions to become one of the largest producers of tropical fruits in the world. Despite the Brazilian role in world production of fruit, its participation in the international market is too low, due some trend obstacles and the guarantee of pest-free zones it has to offer. Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae e Lonchaeidae) are pests of medlar crops, guava and coffee causing major damage to the decay and premature fruit drop. Ingá is widely used in rural and urban areas, serving as a natural reservoir of lonchaeids, which can attack fruits. Thus, the lonchaeids and their parasitoids (Hymenoptera) were collected to observe the development of the larvae and adults and their ecological relationship in every kind of fruit There were also morphological studies of the species of lonchaeids involved, with emphasis on characterization of immature stages correlated with the morphological characteristics of adults through the collection of fruit in Campinas and Monte Alegre do Sul (State of São Paulo), according to the season of fruiting. According to the results of ecological studies, it is suggested that there are spots suitable for the survival and reproduction of fruit flies of the genus Neosilba, this was observed in samples of fruit from different families in Monte Alegre do Sul - SP. Human activities have influenced the community of the frugivorous flies, especially the species of Neosilba and galling Hymenoptera and parasitoids in fruits of ingá. The flies of genus Neosilba have low richness and abundance in parasitized fruits, probably to avoid inter and intra-specific competition. The richness and abundance of Hymenoptera in fruits sampled were also low, which may be related to the seasonal variations of the population of such specimens or due to human action beings in the collection sites. According to the results of morphological analysis, it is suggested that the differences found between different Neosilba species, although subtle, these species reflect adjustments to the conditions of the several ecological niches that each operate, and thus, indicate that each species is subject to different selective pressures caused by the environment. The morphological structures that showed greater differences between the species of Neosilba were the wings of adults and the jaws, and dorsal and ventral horns from the pupae of the emerged flies. The intra-specific differences in Neosilba were seen most clearly in individuals of N. zadolicha, where the type of food used by the larvae influenced the size of its jaws. Thus, knowing is better lonchaeids the morphology of the distribution of species on native fruits and crops of economic importance, the competition between these species in fruits and parasitoids in the rates of species involved, we can further develop techniques to prevent and combat to these flies, minimizing the use of insecticides, and thus encouraging the growth of the marketing of these fruits in foreign markets

ASSUNTO(S)

neosilba interações biologicas parasitoides fruit-flies morphological analysis parasitoids estudos morfologicos ecological interactions mosca-das-frutas neosilba

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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