Estudos moleculares em Gymnotus pantherinus (Gymnotiformes, Gymnotidae): uma abordagem sistemática e filogeográfica / Molecular studies in Gymnotus pantherinus (Gymnotiformes: Gymnotidae): a systematic and phylogeographic approach

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2011

RESUMO

Gymnotus pantherinus is an endemic fish species found in the Brazilian coastal drainages occurring from Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul states. Morphological evidence has suggested that Gymnotus pantherinus might constitute a species complex. In the present study, the taxonomic status of Gymnotus species group has been evaluated using both mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Demographic patterns have also been inferred for the Gymnotus pantherinus populations (stricto sensus). Parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic inferences showed that the group is composed of five well supported geographic lineages. From those, a well supported lineage constituted by the specimens from Bahia and Espírito Santo states is also corroborated by morphological data. Thus, it is suggested that this lineage be recognized as a new species within Gymnotus. The other lineages, from which the most recent representative is the Gymnotus pantherinus lineage itself, have been considered as incipient species. The population analysis showed highly structured populations with low number of shared haplotypes and three main phylogenetic lineages with high geographic association. The higher genetic diversity was found in the Ribeira Valley region, while the clade SP/South was the most recently diverged, which may have occurred after the Last Glacial Maximum. Populations occurring west of the Serra do Mar were more closely related to the adjacent east drainages, which strengthens the hypothesis of headwaters stream capture. Finally, at least five evolutionary significant units can be recognized, with important implications for the conservation of Atlantic Forest streams.

ASSUNTO(S)

drenagens costeiras estrutura de populações filogenia filogeografia gymnotus pantherinus gymnotus pantherinus; coastal drainages; phylogeny; phylogeography; population

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