Estudos evolutivos em Myrtaceae : aspectos citotaxonomicos e filogeneticos em Myrteae, enfatizando Psidium e generos relacionados

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

Myrtaceae is one of the most diverse families in Neotropical region; principally belong to Mata Atlântica and Cerrado, reaching 10 to 15% of biodiversity of these biomes. Myrteae is the most generically tribe (73 genera and 2375 species) in this family. Generally, South-American taxa are considered a complex group and biosystematic studies are necessary to understand the taxonomic delimitation of their species. Probably, the identification difficulties of Brazilian Myrtaceae would be due to speciation by hybridization and polyploidy, appearing species with intermediate characters between parental taxa and the genetic flow blocked by chromosomal differentiation, principally by chromosome duplication. This work aims to contribute to Cytotaxonomical/Cytogenetical knowledge in Myrtaceae and to update the Myrteae phylogeny, where the relationships between some genera are unclear, emphasizing Psidium and related genera (Pimenta group). Polyploidy evolves independently belong to diverse lineages belong Myrtaceae, reaching 16% of species that the chromosome numbers are know, besides is observed a drastic reduction of chromosome numbers in relation to x = 11, reaching to x = 5 or x = 6 in the Chamelaucieae tribe, this tribe concentrates half of polyploid records in Myrtaceae. In Myrteae, the occurrence of chromosome number x = 11 is practically constant, exception to 26% of polyploid species. Eugenia and Psidium are two of the principal Neotropical genera of Myrteae and Decaspermum, an Australasian genus, presents the majority of polyploidy variations in Myrteae, that would explicate the widespread distribution and the new habitat colonization in relation to the others genera in Myrteae. The chromosome length are small (<2mm), wherever was observed asymmetric karyotypes in fleshy-fruited taxa against dry-fruited taxa whit higher symmetric karyotypes. The variation of DNAr 45S loci supplied additional parameters to species differentiation in some Psidium complexes and supplied indications about the possible allopolyploid origin in cytotypes of P. cattleianum, being this the first approach with molecular cytogenetic in Myrtaceae. The species of Myrteae presents a very small genome, and was observed a positive correlation with ploidy levels. In Psidium, the variation of genome size was 9x and the obtained results for P. grandifolium complex would be useful in taxonomic discussions besides supply additional characters about the allopolyploid origin in some populations of P. cattleainum. This approach also represents new records in Myrteae. The phylogenetic study (94 species and 38 genera) confirm that the tribe Myrteae and the genus Psidium are monophyletic. The sister group of Psidium is Myrrhinium. Seven informal clades are recognized: Eugenia group, Myrceugenia group, Myrcia group, Myrteola group, Pimenta group, Plinia group e Australasian group. In the future, we will to explore morphological and biogeographical characters that would be support a new classification of Myrteae

ASSUNTO(S)

plantas - filogenia citotaxonomia das plantas cromossomos vegetais poliploidia plant chromosomes polyploidy myrtaceae plants plant cytotaxonomic mirtacea

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