Estudo parasitologico, da transmissão e dos impactos da profilaxia da esquistossomose mansonica no municipio de Bananal, estado de São Paulo, Brasil

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2001

RESUMO

Schistosoma mansoni foci have been observed in the municipality of Bananal, State of São Paulo, Brazil, since 1976. The incidence of this infection has been kept under control due to prophylactic activities adopted by public health authorities at the Superintendência de Controle de Endemias (SUCEN) - Superintendency of Endemy Control, unti11997. It included diagnosis and treatment of human hosts and vector control by the use of molluscicides. The control of this parasitosis as done at the present time started as a consequence of a previous specific project developed in Bananal, including a sustained development plan which involved expanding basic sanitation facilities. To execute this control plan, we had to modify strategy and periodicity of the programmed actions, in order to include the follow-up of the effects of the prophylactic measures put into action. Schistosomiasis control and surveillance actions were supported by planning, epidemiological investigation and treatment for which the local health personnel were responsible. Quantitative faecal examinations were annually performed aimed at evaluating parasite burdens of the inhabitants of the urban areas. The limits of the foci were marked, molluscicides applied according to the control programme, and the risks of human infection evaluated. Data obtained in the field, including the capture of snails during 1998 and 1999, contributed to the identification of foci and seasonal risks of infection. All cases diagnosed in Bananal during 1998 to 1999 were autochthonous. Four bodies of water within the municipality were identified as S. mansoni foci. The prevalence of schistosomiasis was considerably reduced, which was not noticeably followed by a reduction of parasite burdens. Infected snails were consistently found during a period of many months. Inhabitants of quarters where no foci remained were observed to become infected. Usually, the contact of people with foci are the result of such activities as recreation and work. Biomphalaria tenagophila is the intermediate hosts responsible for the transmission of schistosomiasis in Bananal. As it was found that cercaria dispersion can reach distant places, human infection in places where no snails are found is a possibility. This investigation demonstrates the necessity of a reformulation of endemy control programmes to adapt them to the actual situations

ASSUNTO(S)

esquistossomose mansonica epidemiologia - controle esquistossomose - transmissão

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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