Estrutura de assembléias de Vespoidea solitários (Insecta: Hymenoptera) ao longo de um gradiente altitudinal no Parque Estadual da serra do Mar, São Paulo, Brasil / Structure of solitary Vespoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera) assemblage along a altitudinal gradient in the Serra do Mar State Park, São Paulo, Brazil

AUTOR(ES)

Eduardo Fernando dos Santos

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

The present study aims to investigate: 1. the diversity of solitary Vespoidea along an altitudinal gradient on the Cuzcuzeiro Mountain in the Serra do Mar State Park, São Paulo, Brazil, 2. to investigate the presence of diversity patterns along the gradient, 3. to check the influence of climatic conditions on the establishment of these patterns and 4. to access the structural organization of the solitary Vespoidea assemblage along the adopted altitudinal gradient. For this, I adopted six altitudinal quotas (50, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 meters above sea level) on the Cuzcuzeriro Mountains southwest face, collecting 12 Malaise and 24 Möericke trap samples (yellow pans) at each quota, along two transects of 200 meters length each in two consecutive rainy seasons, 2006 and 2007, spaced respectively 100 and 50 meters one from each other. Each Malaise trap sample was randomly grouped with two Möericke trap samples to compose 12 sampling units for each quota. So, the 72 sampling units make the data matrix used for the diversity statistic analyses. The richness observed throughout the gradient was 76 solitary Vespoidea species (including those of Mutillidae, Pompilidae, Rhopalosomatidae, Scoliidae, Tiphiidae and Vespidae Eumeninae). Only the Tiphiidae assemblages presented a diversity peak at intermediate elevations (600 meters quota); the regressive models used were not able to explain the species diversity of other studied assemblages (solitary Vespoidea and Pompilidae, in this case analyzed in separate) along the adopted altitudinal gradient. According to the mid-domain test, the richness pattern of Tiphiidae is not influenced by the climatic agent. Considering the higher taxa of Vespoidea, the taxonomic diversity was more evident in the 50 meters quota, which presented only marginally significant taxonomic distinctness in relation to the other quotas. The 600 meters quota was the only one that presented significant taxonomic distinctness from the others, suggesting that there the solitary Vespoidea assemblage presents a distinct structure from the others. These results and the Shannon diversity values indicate that the middle of gradient presents higher complexity. To describe the structural organization of the solitary Vespoidea assemblage along the altitudinal gradient, I used analytic methodologies that employ similarity indexes, considering the relative position of the solitary Vespoidea species in the geographic space that defines the adopted altitudinal gradient. The results of these analyses suggest that the solitary Vespoidea assemblage is structured as a continnum and that the faunistic composition changes significantly along the altitudinal gradient on the Cuzcuzeiro Mountain.

ASSUNTO(S)

vespoidea diversity mata atlântica hymenoptera gradiente altitudinal diversidade vespoidea altitudinal gradient hymenoptera atlantic forest

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