Estratigrafia e petrogênese das sequências vulcânicas paleoproterozóicas na região de São Félix do Xingu (PA), Província Mineral de Carajás / Stratigraphy and petrogenesis of the paleoproterozoic volcanic sequences in the São Félix do Xingu (PA) region, Carajás Mineral Province

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

Near the São Félix do Xingu city, centersouth portion of the Pará state, in the context of the Carajás Mineral Province, occur extensive Paleoproterozoic volcanoplutonism (1.88 1.87 Ga) exceptionally well-preserved and grouped in the Sobreiro and Santa Rosa formations. These suites are generically correlated to Uatumã Supergroup volcanoplutonism, a magmatic event that covers approximately 1,500,000 km2 and is registered in several areas of the Amazonian craton. These volcanic rocks overlap the paleoproterozoic Parauari Granite, and units of the archean basement included in the Itacaiúnas Shear Belt and South Pará GraniteGreenstone terrain. Later tin-bearing 1.86 Ga A-type granitoid massifs of the Velho Guilherme Intrusive Suite intrude above units. Although knowledge improvement in the last years in this region, there is necessity of more detailed and precise geologic, geochemical, and isotopic data for this volcanic association in the Amazonian craton. This gap of information is partially explained by access difficulties to the studied areas and dense forest cover; lateral and vertical discontinuities of the units; and especially by few researchers groups focalized in this thematic. The intensive geologic mapping developed for this thesis showed that the basal Sobreiro Formation has coherent lava flow facies mainly andesitic, with subordinate dacite and rhyodacite; as well volcaniclastic facies with tuff, lapilli-tuff, and massive polymictic breccia. These rocks show augite, magnesiohastingsite, and plagioclase of variable compositions phenocrysts set in microlithic or traquitic groundmass. Magnetite and apatite are the primary accessories. The systematic mineralogic variation from basaltic-andesite to rhyodacite and dacite, and the petrographical characteristics of these rocks, suggest that the fractional crystallization was the prevailing differentiation process with probable crustal contamination. Their geochemical signature is similar to those of volcanic-arc related granitoids, with high-K calc-alkaline affinity, and metaluminous composition. The upper Santa Rosa Formation is formed by massive coherent facies of rhyolite and subordinate rhyodacite with variable modal contents of K-feldspar, plagioclase and quartz megacrysts in groundmass formed by intergrowth of quartz and potassic feldspar, commonly spherulitic. Spherical spherulites until 10 cm diameter occur locally. Biotite is a varietal phase modally reduced. Zircon, apatite, and Fe-Ti oxides are primary accessories, suggesting an extremely evolved unit. Volcaniclastic facies of ignimbrites, lapilli-tuffs, felsic crystal tuffs, and massive polymictic breccias represent an explosive volcanism cycle in the Santa Rosa Formation. This volcaniclastic association has mineralogic and geochemical characters very similar to the coherent facies. Metric dikes and stocks of granitic porphyries and equigranular granitoids complete this formation. The deposition was driven by large ~ 30 km length NESW crustal fissures, and subordinate NWSE, where magmatic flow are predominantly vertical. These upper volcanic rocks and associated porphyries and granites exhibit intraplate geochemical affinity, peraluminous composition, and transitional subalkaline to alkaline characteristics. Hydrothermally altered zones were identified in these suites, pointing to a metallogenetic potential for them. The presence of several isolated blocks in a flat topography resembles monogenetic eruptive system in the Sobreiro Formation. The topographic highs could have been originated scutulum-type lava accumulation. The volcaniclastic deposits that occur in the top of the lava flow are related to autoclastic fragmentation processes, although can be related to pyroclastic flow regime originated in the hills. The eruption model for the upper unit is very similar to Sierra Madre Occidental ignimbritic sequence, located in North America. The fissure-controlled volcanism in the São Félix do Xingu region could have been related to a batholith or series of batholiths generated in extensional tectonic regime occurred in the Amazonian craton. The integration of Nd isotope data with the possible metallogenetic zoning that occurs in the south portion of the Amazonian craton, between Serra do Cachimbo Graben and São Félix do Xingu region, suggests that the evolution of this portion is related to an approximately eastwest oceancontinent orogenesis, materialized by progressively younger 2.1 1.88 Ga magmatic arcs. The generation of 1.88 Ga calc-alkaline volcanism in the São Félix do Xingu region can be explained by flattening in the subduction angle and following arc migration, as occurs in the Andes Belt and Rocky Mountains. In this scenario, the exclusively crustal 1.87 Ga volcanism of the Santa Rosa Formation could have been linked to extensional tectonic identified in several regions of the Amazonian craton that extended until Mesoproterozoic.

ASSUNTO(S)

volcanism petrogênese vulcanismo petrogenesis fissural uatumã firme-controlled uatumã estratigrafia stratigraphy

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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