Esteato-hepatite não alcoólica e esteatose em hepatite crônica pelo vírus C: prevalência e relações entre dados demográficos e clínico-laboratoriais com parâmetros histopatológicos / Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and steatosis in chronic hepatitis C: prevalence and the relationship between demographic, clinical and laboratory data with histopathological parameters

Marcia Ferreira da Costa

Chronic hepatitis C is the leading cause of progressive liver damage and related complications, such as cirrhosis and primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Fibrosis stage and necro-inflammatory activity grade are good predictors of disease progression in chronic hepatitis C (CHC).The global epidemic of obesity and diabetes are associated with the increasing incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), ranging from the pure steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the latter with the potential to progress to cirrhosis and its complications. In CHC patients, viral and host factors may contribute to the association with NAFLD. There is no consensus about the prevalence of steatosis and NASH in CHC patients, with variability depending on the genotype, host metabolic conditions and histological variables. Objectives: a) To define the prevalence of steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in CHC patients; b) To assess the relationship between various clinical and laboratory data and the grading of histological parameters; c) To evaluate the influence of NASH in the progression of fibrosis; d) To determine viral and host factors associated with different histopathological groups classified as: CHC alone, CHC with steatosis ( >5%) and CHC with NASH (steatosis + perisinusoidal fibrosis); e) To determine viral and host factors associated with higher stages of fibrosis in the three groups. Methods: We investigated clinical and laboratory data in 81 CHC patients under scrutiny in a public tertiary hospital and related them to fibrosis stage at paired biopsies. Among clinical data, metabolic syndrome was defined according to ATPIII. At initial biopsy, histopathological features of chronic hepatitis C and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis were graded as absent/light or moderate/severe. Later on, except for genotype 2 patients, we analysed clinical, biochemical data and stage of fibrosis 0-1 vs. 2-4 among CHC patients divided into three groups: without steatosis, with steatosis and with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Results: In multivariate analysis, lipid profile of metabolic syndrome was associated with perivenular fibrosis whereas elevated glycemia levels were associated with Mallorys hyaline. Steatosis was present in 35 (43.2%) and NASH in 21 (25.9%) patients. HCV genotype 3 was more prevalent among CHC patients associated with steatosis or NASH but higher fibrosis stages were associated with HCV genotype 1 (p= 0.000). The presence of CHC + NASH was associated with fibrosis 2 in patients under 45 years, irrespective of sex (p <0.05). Overweight and obesity (p <0.05) were also related to severe fibrosis (p <0.05). In paired biopsies, lipid profile of metabolic syndrome was the only parameter associated with progression of fibrosis (p= 0.012). Conclusion: a) Steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis are frequent histopathological features in our CHC patients, especially in HCV genotype 3; b) Metabolic factors, like overweight, obesity and lipid profile of metabolic syndrome were associated with steatosis and NASH in CHC patients; c) The association of NASH in chronic hepatitis C may modify the outcome of CHC and demand close examination.

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