Estado nutricional de crianças: conhecimentos e práticas de educadoras de uma creche / Child nutritional status: knowledge and practice of child educators day-care center

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2005

RESUMO

Food and nutrition constitute basic requisitions to the promotion, protection and rehabilitation of health. The day-care center is important social equipment for the promotion of the children´s health and, therefore, it can be an ally of the units of health to combat of nutrition deficiencies. The purpose of this study, approved by Research Ethic´s Committee, was subsidized intervention´s proposals to prevent, to detect and to control more common nutritional problems. The objective was to characterize the children health and nutritional conditions and to analyze the educators of a day-care center´s knowledge and practice relative to malnutrition and anemia. The indicators weight/age, height/age and weight/height were used to characterize the nutritional condition and to identify malnutrition (<-2 escore Z) and the palm´s pallor and/or Hb<11g/dL were used to identify anemia. The data about the knowledge and the practice ones of the educators have been gotten by interviews integrally transcribed and submitted to the content analysis. Hundred-forty-nine children between zero and five years old participated of the study: 86.4% frequented the day-care center for more than 6 months; 2/3 belonged to families with lesser per capita income than 1/2 wage and 84.9% were registered in some quarter´s family´s unit of health. More of half the children have been presented health´s problems in the last 15 days. The malnutrition was not very frequent: 2.7% of the children presented deficit of weight/age and 2.0% deficit of height/age. Just 0.7% of the children presented deficit of weight and height, but the anemia was found in 43.3% of the children. Fifteen educators with age around twenty-eight years participated of the study, all they with the complete scholar second rank. The majority had no anterior experience of working in a day-care center and did not have received any specific training. The malnutrition was represented by small children, with delay in the development and always sick; it is caused by bad alimentation and lack of health accompaniment; it has as main consequence the retard in the development. The anemia mentions to - weak blood -; pale and hypoactive children; it is caused by harm-feeding and it has as consequence the leukemia. The related practice to minimize the consequences of these problems was stimulating alimentation and participation in activities. In the educators´ conception, information, alimentation and accompaniment of health are fundamental steps for the control of the malnutrition and the anemia. It was proven that the practices and knowledge were originated from the common sense and the proper experience of the educators. Although were able to identify some children with nutritional problems and wanted contribute to health promotion, attribute to professionals and health´s services the responsable of that actions, has not been able to relate with the conditions and pratices of the everyday care in the child care. The study aim the necessity to include knowledge about the process health-disease, specially anemia and pratices of care with children, as initial education as continued of the child educators. At the same time aim the importance of the partnership among locals health´s units and day care centers to promote child´s health.

ASSUNTO(S)

child´s health estado nutricional nursing desnutrição infantil creche anemia saúde da criança anemia malnutrition day-care center nutritional condition enfermagem

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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