Espaçamentos ultra-adensado, adensado e convencional com densidade populacional variável em algodoeiro. / Ultra-narrow row, narrow row and conventional row with cotton variable density plant population.

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2003

RESUMO

The purpose of this work was to study plant population density, by spacing between rows and plants per linear meter for the IAC 23 cotton cultivar under ultra-narrow row, narrow row or conventional row by analyzing plant growth, development and yield. The experiment was established in the experimental field of ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, during the 2001/2002 season, in a randomized block design with four replications. Three rows (0,38, 0,76 and 0,95 m between lines) and four plant densities (5, 8, 11 and 14 plants per linear meter) were used. Plant height was controlled by growth regulator. Six plants per plot were labeled and analyzed for the phenological phase, average plant height, insertion height of the first fruit branch, stem diameter, number of vegetative and fruit branches, number of internodes and open bolls per plant. Two plants were analyzed per plot for the leaf area index (LAI) and plant top dry mass. Cotton yield and harvest early were determined considering the effective plot area. Samples of 20 open bolls randomized chosen per plot were analyzed for agronomical lab characteristics (average open boll mass, mass of 100 seeds and fiber percentage) and fiber technological characteristics (length, length uniformity, strength, micronaire and maturity). Results showed that the environmental conditions favored growth and development of the IAC 23 cultivar, which completed its lifecycle in 161 days; smaller row and higher plant density resulted in greater LAI, smaller stem diameter due to estiolation and fewer open bolls per plant; larger row and lower plant density promoted greater plant top dry mass and average plant height; the harvest index increased with row, although it was not altered by plant density; higher plant density in rows increased the insertion height of the first fruit branch; the number of vegetative branches was not influenced by plant row and density, while the number of fruit branches and internodes decreased with level of plant population per area; cotton yield was 12% and 8,4% higher for the ultra-narrow row and narrow row, respectively, when compared with the conventional row; cotton yield for the ultra-narrow row with the lowest plant density in rows was 29,2% and 22,3% higher than the yields for the narrow row and conventional row, respectively, considering the same plant density; harvest early of the IAC 23 cultivar varied with the increase in plant population per area; agronomical lab characteristics and fiber technological characteristics did not vary in the plant populations studied.

ASSUNTO(S)

densidade populacional density population spacing growth regulator cotton espaçamento reguladores de crescimento vegetal sowing semeadura algodão

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