Epistasia para a produção de grãos e caracteres da planta em milho / Epistasis for yield and plant traits in maize

AUTOR(ES)
FONTE

IBICT - Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

12/12/2011

RESUMO

It is known that epistasis may have important effects in the populations dynamics and in the evolutionary process of the species, and that it is involved in manifestation of important biological phenomena, such as overdominance, inbreeding depression and heterosis. However, epistasis is considered one of the more complex aspects of quantitative genetics since little information are available on its effects on quantitative traits. The estimates of genetic components of variation through methods that ignore epistasis could be biased, so the interpretation of important genetic parameters such as heritability coefficients and expected responser to selection could not be adequate. The objectives of this study were: i) verify whether epistasis is present for grain yield and for some morphological traits, ii) estimate the effect of epistasis by environment interaction and iii) estimate the epistatic effects in F2 plants. One hundred F2:3 progenies were obtained from the cross between the inbreed lines L-08-05F and L- 38-05D and then, they were backcrossed to the parental lines and to the F1 generation, according to the triple testcross. The backcrosses progenies were evaluated in several environments in the city of Piracicaba/SP in the 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 growing seasons, through the -lattice design on a factorial scheme with two replications per environment. The evaluated traits were grain yield (GY), root and stalk lodging (PL), days to anthesis (DA) and days to silk emergence (SE), anthesis-silking interval (ASI), plant height (PH), ear height (EH), and ear placement (EP). The presence of epistasis was verified for all traits, except for root and stalk lodging. For the traits grain yield, plant height and anthesis-silking interval the additive x dominance and/or dominance x dominance epistasis were most important than additive x additive epistasis, however, for days to anthesis, days to silk emergence, ear height and ear placement, all types of epistasis were important. Epistasis by environment interaction was significant only for days to silk emergence and anthesis-silking interval. Significant epistatic effects were identified in F2 plants and they were not unidirectional. Estimates of additive, dominance and the additive by environment variance were significant for all traits. Estimates of additive variance and additive by environment variance were significantly (P £ 0,05) higher than those of dominance variance for most of the traits. The magnitudes of the estimates of the heritability coefficients ranged from intermediate to high. The average level of dominance ranged from 0,35 for EP to 0,93 for GY. The results suggest that in the population under study the epistasis is an important component of the genetic variance, therefore, estimates of additive and dominance variance are biased and, consequently, the average levels of dominance and heritability coefficients are also biased.

ASSUNTO(S)

cruzamento vegetal genetic variation in plants genotype by environment interaction interação genótipo-ambiente maize melhoramento genético vegetal milho plant genetic improvement variação genética em plantas vegetal cross

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

Documentos Relacionados