Epidemiology of nosocomial bloodstream infections in hospital with complex care attendance in São Paulo, Brazil / Epidemiologia das infecções de corrente sangüinea de origem hospitalar em hospital de assistência terciária, São Paulo, Brasil

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2007

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The hospital infections (HI) are main causes of morbidity and mortality in critically ill children. There are only few studies in pediatric age groups, and most of them demonstrated that the bloodstream infection (BSI) is the most important cause of HI in critically ill children. The OBJECTIVE of this study was to analyze the epidemiology of the nosocomial bloodstream infections (BSI) in children admitted to Instituto da Criança of Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo a teaching hospital with complex care attendance, from January 1996 to August 2003. METHODS: The study was carried out in a cohort model, with retrospective data analyses regarding bloodstream infections collected through active surveillance, following the methods validated by the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System NNIS. RESULTS: The HI represented a significant cause of morbidity in patients admitted to the hospital within period and local studied. The patients risk for developing one or more HI was 11,5 per 100 exits. The BSI represented more than one third of the HI in the eight analyzed years, with a incidence density varying from 20,4 at Oncology, 7,7 on Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, 7,3 at Pediatric Intensive Care Unit up to 1.9 per 1000 patient-days at Surgery. It occurred more frequently on children on the age of <5 years old (70,0%), with central vein catheter (66,7%), and critically ill (80,4%). At least one infection agent was isolated in 78,9% of the BSI episodes, 41,5% gram-positive and 44,8% gram-negative. The most frequent pathogen was coagulase-negative staphylococci (22,7%). The proportion of S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci methicillin resistant reached 58,9 and 80,3%, respectively. The main isolated gram-negatives (Klebsiella spp, Enterobacter spp, Pseudomonas spp and E.coli) showed thoroughly resistance to ceftriaxone, to aztreonam and on 35 to 57% to aminoglycosides. The BSIs were the cause or contribution for death in 21,9% of the patients, but during the period of this study, there was a significant lowering on mortality rate of patients with BSI. CONCLUSIONS: The BSI was important cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients, predominantly in young and critically ill children. The main factors associated to BSI included the use of central vascular catheter and severe disease. Gram-negative pathogens predominated in every one all the years. The diagnoses and precocious therapy are essential on the prevention of morbidity, mortality and the characterization of nosocomial BSI, and would help on prevention programs of these infections and its repercussions

ASSUNTO(S)

cohort studies cross infection bacteremia infection/epidemiology mortalidade na infância bacteremia estudo de coorte infecção/epidemiologia child mortality fungemia criança fungemia infecção hospitalar

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