Environmental vulnerability analysis of the main recommended pesticides for cotton, rice, coffee, sugar cane, citrus, corn and soybean production systems / Analise da vulnerabilidade ambiental aos principais pesticidas recomendados para os sistemas de produção de algodão, arroz, café, cana-de-açucar, citros, milho e soja

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2004

RESUMO

The utilization of pesticides in agriculture is a necessary practice to control pests, diseases or weeds to reach an excellent index of productivity and get attend the increasing necessity of food. Some of this pesticides applied, show dangerous physical-chemical proprieties to the environmental and health human. Many times it happen because we haven?t enough studies of the toxicity and behavior or destination of pesticides in the environmental. One of important tool to try avoid this type of damage are the mathematics models, which permit anticipated for which behavior of this molecule tend walk and also help in the development of field research reduce expense and effort. The goal of this project was use a mathematics calculus based on mathematics models of fugacity level 1, which help in the analysis of risk the main environmental behavior of all pesticides, registered in the Ministry of Agriculture, used and applied according to the recommendation of manufactures pesticides industry (WIN FIT; 2000), at the system of conventional production, and no till system of cotton, rice, coffee, sugar-cane, citrus, corn and soybean cultivation. The utilized methodology was mathematics formula describe by Mackay (1991) to figure out of fugacity (?, Pa), capacity of fugacity (Z, mol m-3 Pa-1) , concentration (C, g mol-1) in the compartment air, water, soil, sediment, biota, leaves, root, stem of plant. It was used the physical-chemical parameters to each pesticides applied to each culture studied (cotton, rice, sugar-cane, coffee, citrus, corn and soybean) with data of each compartment: volume (m³), fraction organic (%) and density (?, g m-3) got from the Mackay (1991). As the results of mathematics calculus it were chose the 10 products which were more distributed in the compartment environmental present such as following the preference, where from the air compartment: acetochlor>disulfuton>acephate>thiodicarb>quinclorac>thiram>tolifluanid>pendimenthalin>trifluralin>endosulfan; from the water compartment: nicosulfuron>metsulfuron-methyl>monocrotofos>bispyribac-sodium>metamidofos>thiamethoxam>halosuluron methyl>chlorimuron etílico>imazapic>imidacloprid; from the soil compartment: diquat>paraquat>hexythiazox>parathion metil>benomyl>tiofanato metílico>msma>iprodione>epoxiconazole>propargite; from the sediment compartment: diquat>paraquat>hexythiazox>parathion metil>benomyl>tiofanato metílico>msma>iprodione>epoxiconazole>propargite; from the biota compartment: propanil>acetochlor>disulfoton>pendimenthalin>bifenthrin>carboxin>endosulfan>clorpirifós>tolyfluanid>thiram; from the leave compartment: aldicarb>fluazifop-p-butil>metconazole>diflubenzuron>tolyfluanid>disulfuton>fludioxonil>difenoconazole>acetochlor>tebuconazole; from the trunk and root compartments: lambdacyhalothrin>zetacypermethrin>cypermethrin>alfacipermetrina>bifentrhin>acrinathrin>permethrin>lactofen>betacyflutrin>chlorfluazuron. The pesticides studied too were also by the GUS (Groundwater Ubiquity Score) where the index is calculated through the half-life value of the compose on the soil and coefficient of adsorption and organic tissue of the soil. The products that showed lixiviation potential by GUS alphabetical order were: acetochlor, aldicarb, atrazina, bispyribac sodium, carbendazim, carbofuran, clorimuron, etilico, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, fipronil, flumioxazin, fomezafen, hexazinone, imazapic, imazaquim, imazetapir, metalacloro, metomyl, metribuzin, metsulfuron-methyl, monocrotofos, nicosulfuron, quinclorac, simazine, tebuthiuron, thiamethoxam and triclorfon. In conclusion, the environmental compartment showed more vulnerability in the preference of pesticide distribution in the compartment water. The preliminary evaluation of risk contamination in agriculture area by pesticides can be made based on physical-chemical pesticide characteristic used in the fugacity model Mackay level 1 (1991). This fugacity model Mackay level 1 (1991) is an excellent tool to be used as a factor of decision in the pesticides use. The GUS criteria showed itself as one more mechanism to be used dire the lack of information, as decision make skill in choice of a pesticide utilization aiming monitoring or even though avoiding groundwater contamination

ASSUNTO(S)

agriculture pesticidas - aspectos ambientais environmental aspects environmental analysis produtos quimicos agricolas - aspectos ambientais impacto ambiental agricultural chemicals analise ambiental pesticides environmental aspects agricultura - aspectos ambientais environmental risk assessment avaliação de riscos ambientais environmental impact evaluation

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