Efficiency of different crops and corn hybrids on the use of phosphorus in cerrado soil. / Eficiências de diferentes culturas e híbridos de milho quanto a utilização de fósforo em solos de cerrado.

AUTOR(ES)

Cristiano Fernandes

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2001

RESUMO

The Cerrado (Savannah) region has been one of main agriculture expansion area in Brasil, presenting favorable characteristics, but also limitations to crop production, mainly the low soil phophorus content and availability. The objective of the work was to evaluate the mainly recommended maize hybrids for cerrado region on the ability to absorb poorly-available soil phosphorus and on the yield, in two soils of the Planaltina region of Goias, one cultivated for 20 years and another under natural vegetation. Preliminarly 22 plant species (Crotalaria juncea, sunflower, cotton, bean, soybean, tomato, white lupin, wheat, Caupi, Sorgum, millet, black oat, triticale, rice, maize, velvet bean, peanut, braquiaria, stylosantes, eucalyptus, pigeon pea and barley) were assessed. Three experiments were carried out, one of them in field, in cerrado region, where yield and P accumulation of grain and shoot were assessed. The other experiments were carried out in greenhouse at CENA/USP, where plant species and the corn hybrids were assessed for absorption and phosphorus use efficiency through the isotopic dilution technique of 32P. The results of field experiments showed that it is possible to obtain high yields through selected hybrids reaching yield higher than 9.0 t ha-1, as the case of hybrids P30K75, P3021 and P30F33, while another presented yield less than 7.4 t ha-1. The most efficient in phosphorus absorption were the ZN8420, P30F45, C813, ZN8471, DINA657, P30F33 and PX144F with low specific activity. Among these hybrids, the P30F33 seems to be a good option for cerrado. Comparing the crop species, the cotton, eucalyptus, rice and white lupin were more efficients in phosphorus absorption, while the crotalaria, caupi and soybean were less efficient consequently more dependents of phosphate fertilizers.

ASSUNTO(S)

absorção phosphorus fósforo fixation milho híbrido fixação phosphate fertilization solo de cerrado absorption adubação fosfatada corn hybrid cerrado soil

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