Efeitos citotoxicos e genotoxicos no meristema radicular de Allium cepa exposta a agua do Rio Paraiba do Sul - estado de São Paulo - regiões de Tremembe e Aparecida / Citotoxic and genotoxic effects in the root meristem of Allium cepa exposed to the water of the Paraiba do Sul river - São Paulo state - regions of Tremembe and Aparecida

AUTOR(ES)

Agnes Barberio

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

One of the main sources of pollution of fresh water ecosystems refers to the discharge of industrial and urban wastes. Untreated sewage is considered an important cause to the deterioration of water quality in developing countries. Environmental pollutants have caused a decrease in water quality, inducing harmful effects in organisms which are in direct or indirect contact with them. The effect of exposure of organisms to any potentially toxic substance depends on its concentration as well as exposure time. One of the effects frequently observed by environmental agents is the chemical alteration of the DNA affecting vital processes, like DNA duplication and transcription, gene regulation and cell division, and leading cells to pathologic processes and/or cell death. In this context, toxicity and genotoxicity biological tests are mandatory for the evaluation of reactions of living organisms to environmental pollution, as well as for the identification of potential synergetic effects of several pollutants. The Paraíba do Sul river is one of the components of the Paraíba do Sul basin, of importance to the southeast region of Brazil, as it serves for urban supply, irrigation, generation of energy, and assimilation of urban, industrial and agricultural discharges in the mentioned region. This work aimed at researching cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in Allium cepa roots exposed to water samples collected from the Paraíba do Sul river in August 2005, 2006 and 2007, at sites located in the cities of Tremembé and Aparecida. Anatomo-morphologic parameters (root growth), mitotic indices (MI), cell division phase indices (PI), frequency of micronuclei (MN) and chromosome anomalies (CA) were investigated. Root lengths from each bulb were evaluated daily along 24 to 120 h. Only in the roots treated with the water samples collected at Tremembé in 2005, a decrease in root growth rate was found. However, in the same year, there was reduction in the MI of the roots treated with water collected at Tremembé and Aparecida. Considering the root growth data and especially the MI values, it is assumed that the water of the Paraíba do Sul river in the regions of Tremembé and Aparecida had a cytotoxic potential in 2005. On the other hand, still in the same year, no change in MN frequency was detected, which indicates that the water at the mentioned river points had probably no genotoxic potential. In 2007, there was no difference in root growth, as the MI values for roots treated with the water collected at both sites did not differ from the values of the negative control. The frequencies of the mitosis phases differed significantly from the respective controls; the frequencies of prophases and anaphases for roots treated with water collected at Tremembé and Aparecida were higher and the frequency of telophases were lower than those of the negative controls. Frequencies of metaphases were higher for roots treated with water collected in Aparecida. A significant increase in MN and CA was found for the roots treated with water collected from both sites. The frequency of c-mitosis significantly increased after treatment with the river water collected at Tremembé, whereas the frequency of chromosome bridges increased for roots treated with water collected at Aparecida. By considering the frequencies of MN, CA and PI, a cytotoxic and genotoxic effect is supposed for A. cepa treated with the water collected from the river Paraíba do Sul at sites of Tremembé and Aparecida, in 2007. The Allium test has proved to be a sensitive tool for detecting cytotoxicity and genotoxicity effects promoted by the Paraíba do Sul water in the mentioned sites

ASSUNTO(S)

cebola genotoxicity paraiba do sul river genotoxicidade allium cepa citoxicidade cytotoxicity

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