Economic and environmental analysis on intensifying beef cattle production in the Brazilian Center-West / Análise econômico-ambiental da intensificação da pecuária de corte no Centro-Oeste brasileiro

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2010

RESUMO

The beef cattle industry that generates jobs and income for billions of people around the world has been drawing attention over negative impacts caused to the environment. This is due to the extensive production system adopted in most producing areas, which consumes a large amount of natural resources such as land and water. In recent decades, the growing concern about global warming has stimulated investigations into sources of Greenhouse Gases Emissions GHG. Results show that cattle production accounts about 11% of global emissions caused by human action (FAO, 2006). Gases emitted by this activity are mainly methane (CH4), generated from enteric fermentation and feces, and nitrous oxide (N2O) from feces. In Brazil, the cattle herd comprises 180 million heads and this industry is the second largest in greenhouse gases emissions, only surpassed by deforestation. Extensive systems are also prevalent in the Brazilian scenario. One way to mitigate environmental impacts is to increase production by improving food quality supplied to animals. In the case of GHGs, particularly, this benefit occurs because there is improvement to the ruminal process and reduction of the life span of the animal. This study aimed to: i) assess the economic aspect of confining animals at slaughter phase, originally from modal properties of the Brazilian Center-West, and ii) to show changes in GHG emissions of feedlot system from food production to animal slaughter phase according to the methodology of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC. Results show that confinement of animals at slaughter phase can reduce emissions by 17% from 41 kg of CO2 equivalent per kg of meat produced (kg CO2 eq. / kg meat) to 33 kg CO2 eq. / kg meat. Gas reduction deriving from management improvements of the heard was also observed. Comparing the worst system in terms of emissions (pasture and IEP 21 months) with the most effective (confinement, with IEP 15 months) we reported a 33% difference in the amount of CO2 eq / kg meat. Regarding the economic analysis, intensifying production through the confinement of animals at slaughter phase, proved to be unfeasible for most modal properties studied when compared with pasture system.

ASSUNTO(S)

global warming beef cattle confinamento animal aquecimento global pecuária de corte. feedlot system. emissions reduction efeito estufa

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