Doenças relacionadas a agrotoxicos : um problema de saude publica
AUTOR(ES)
AngeloZanaga Trape
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO
1995
RESUMO
The history of the use of pesticides started various centuries ago with reports of the use of chemical products for the control of some pests, principally insects. From the thirties on, the use of these products started to become more important to humanity when the first herbicide was patented in France (dinithro-o-cresol) and the first fungicide likewise in the USA (Thir-am). During the second world war, the insecticidal action of DDT was discovered in Switzerland. Soon after the end of the war, the insecticidal action of OMP A was discovered in Germany and the production of organophosphates starts. From the fifties on, a great increase in the production of new compounds occurred principally in Germany and the USA, as a direct result of the industrial production destined for warfare production which is then redirected to medicine and chemical substances for agricultural use. The so-called Green f!.evolution, from the sixties on, a technical proposal which started in the USA, determines the incorporation of high-technology for agriculture (mechanical and chemical products) by the developing countries. Brazil adopts this proposal, promoting from the sixties on, an agricultural production model based principally on the international market.This model consolidates itself from the seventies on, expanding entrepeneur activities to agriculture, with the objective of going after world competitiveness. The incorporation of new and modern technologies, determined a strong impact in the soci(!I area specially public health. In a retrospective analysis of the decades from the fifties on, the exposure of the rural working population to chemical products, created a pattern of morbimortality characteristic of an epidemic which also extends into the sixties and seventies. From the eighties on, the pattern becomes endemic with a high leveI of morbidity. From the eighties on, important transformations in the health sector occur, based on the Sanitary Reform, which led to a new outlook in the area, compromising public health (epidemiological transition) with the incorporation of the so-called modern diseases (work accidents, cardiovascular diseases and environmental chemical agents). This created a more effective action in the area of public health by the institutions with regards pesticides. In 1982, the Preventive and Social Medicine Department at Unicamp, started a project for the implantation of a epidemiological surveillance system on ecotoxicology of pesticides in the region of Campinas. The results obtained from the action of the program during the eighties, characterizing the profile of the population which is exposed to pesticides, were presented and discussed This research had a great repercussion at a state and national levei, which was then reproduced in some regions in the state of São Paulo for example: Vale do Ribeira, Marília, Presidente Prudente, Ribeirão Preto, apart from the Campinas region, as well as in other states around the country such as Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, Espírito Santo among others. From the nineties on, based on a new view of action for public health surveillance, the program is then called Health Surveillance Program on Population Exposed to Pesticides in the region of Campinas-UNICAMP. The aim was for a better structure with a more effective organization in the out-patient Clinic of Toxicology at the Hospital das Clínicas-Unicamp, acting as a reference center at a local regional levei. The results from the out-patient clinic.after two years of activity (August 1992 to December 1994) are presented and discussed, characterizing the morbidity of the population exposed, aiming at identifying pathologies related to pesticides, as a strategy in the program activities for the region. The program developed by Unicamp created a model which can be reproduced in any part of the state and the country. The implantation of similar Health Surveillance Programs on Populations Exposed to Pesticides, is fundamental the a state and national leveI.
ASSUNTO(S)
saude publica pesticidas vigilancia epidemiologica envenenamento
