Diversidade genética de etnovariedade de mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) em áreas de Cerrado no Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul e de variedades comerciais por meio de marcadores microssatélites / Genetic diversity of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) landraces in Cerrado areas in Mato Grosso do Sul State and commercial varieties with microsatellites markers

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

Studies with cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) landraces, originated from different regions in Brazil, using microsatellite markers, allows the estimation of genetic diversity and the distribution of this diversity within and among households, geographic communities and regions. The objective of this study was to characterize the genetic diversity of 83 cassava landraces from the State of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), cultivated in areas of Cerrado ecosystem, and of 20 commercial varieties used in the Center-south region of Brazil. The genetic diversity of the landraces and its distribution among and within 21 households in the study area, as well as of 20 commercial varieties (11 industrial and nine home consumption varieties) were evaluated using nine microsatellite loci. Results showed a high genetic variability for the cerrado cassava ethnovarieties of MS. All loci were polymorphic, with an average number of 7.55 alleles/locus. The average number of alleles per locus/household was 2.55, whereas 10 households presented 100% polymorphism. A lower value was found for the average observed heterozygosity ( o H = 0.31) in relation to the average gene diversity ( e H = 0.51), although these are considered high heterozygosity values. In agreement to other studies with cassava, most of the genetic diversity was concentrated within households (HS = 0.551). However, on the contrary to other studies, this genetic diversity was found to be structured in space, showing a relatively high (r = 0.45) and significant (p<0.035) correlation between mean genetic distances and geographic distances between municipalities. Both the cluster analyses conducted for the 83 ethnovarieties and for the 21 households, and the scatter graph obtained from the principal component analysis, pointed to the separation of the municipalities of Costa Rica and Cassilândia from the other municipalities. It was concluded that the high variability and space structuring observed can be related, among other factors, to the settling process in the region, involving different migratory population routes to which these municipalities were submitted. Results showed a high polymorphism for the commercial varieties (100%) and high genetic variability between the two groups (home consumption and industrial varieties). A wide range for the Jaccard´s similarity index (varying from 0.29 to 0.82) was observed demonstrating the high variability of the genotypes analyzed and the low genetic vulnerability of the planting materials currently under cultivation in the Centersouth region of Brazil. Contrasting genotypes used as parents in plant breeding programs were detected. In comparison, home consumption varieties were more divergent among themselves. A tendency was also noticed towards the separation of industrial and home consumption varieties.

ASSUNTO(S)

traditional agriculture. variação genética em plantas cerrado agricultura landraces microsatellites marcador molecular mandioca genetic variability variedades vegetais. manihot esculenta commercial varieties

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