Diretrizes de gestÃo e tecnologia para o tratamento de efluentes industriais

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2003

RESUMO

From the second half of the last century onwards, an enormous industrial revolution started due to the increasing demands after the World War II. The industries needed to produce more, with more quality, and in lower time, to help the rebuilding of the countries involved in the conflict. Herewith, and in view of the exponential populational increase that occurred from there on, the companies have developed more and more processes and products in all industrial segments. Consequently, each year thousands of new chemical, biological, and others products have been developed, but with no control or evaluation of the impacts to the environment. This model remained until the 1980âs when, motivated by great environmental accidents caused by certain industrial products and processes, governments, undertakers, and the society mobilized to create legislations more restrictive and to impose penalties to companies that polluted the environment. Thus, all the industrial sectors realized that investment would be needed in new clean technologies, lesser impactants to the environment and, consequently, more profitable. Another consideration was that environmental policy would be essential, not only to fulfil the new legislations, but also to promote a good environmental image of the company to its costumers and the whole society. The objective of this work was to propose management and technology guidelines for the treatment of industrial wastewaters through a case study of an abrasive industry, also known as sandpaper. The used methodology comprised: the development of a model to evaluate the environmental aspects and impacts in the sandpaper company; an industrial profile survey made in the Pernambuco state with regard to environmental technology and management, through technical visits to 10 big companies of different sectors; the study of the production process and the wastewater treatment plant in the abrasive industry; and evaluation of the anaerobic biodegradability of that industrial wastewater. Our conclusions was that the Pernambucoâs industries, despite the investment in new production technologies, still do not know the impacts generated by their products to the environment and there are few works in the management area with environmental concern; and almost no work involving community and company with focus in the minimization of the environmental impacts. The environmental impacts evaluation in the sandpaper industry revealed that there are significant impacts, such as toxic vapours and noise in its production process that require immediate and efficient mitigation measures. Also, the wastewater treatment system is vulnerable due to plant design mistakes, that cause an unsatisfactory efficiency, mainly because of the low heavy metals remove, for instance. Due to COD removal obtained in lab scale tests, it was concluded that the sandpaper effluents are anaerobically degradable, indicating that an anaerobic pre-treatment could eliminate the presently vulnerability, and decrease a significantly operational costs in the treatment plant

ASSUNTO(S)

efluentes industriais indÃstria acidentes ambientais engenharia civil

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