Diagnosis of the forestry activity in Cotriguaçu municipal district, Mato Grosso State: perspectives and challenges of the forestry companies managers perception / Diagnóstico do setor florestal no município de Cotriguaçu, Mato Grosso: perspectivas e desafios na percepção dos dirigentes das empresas florestais

Felipe Augusto Finger

The main objective of present work was the characterization of the forestry activities in Cotriguaçu City, Mato Grosso State, identifying and evincing, under the forestry companies leaders views, the potentialities, barriers and challenges for the sustainable forestry development of the activity. For that, a wide quantitative and qualitative diagnosis of the forestry activity were collected in the municipal district. The data collecting procedures were conducted with the local forestry companies leaders through the accomplishment of interviews. An itinerary constituted of closed, semiclosed and open questions, served as support instrument to the field works. This itinerary was previously structured and, already in the research site, just before the beginning of the interviews, was submitted to a pre-test for adaptations and final adjustments. Besides of this method, other sources of information were also used for research: interviews and informal conversations with managers and professionals of the forestry activities of the municipal district; meetings with the local forestry enchargers; and visits to the industrial facilities of the main companies. Immediately after the conclusion of the field works the interviews transcriptions were performed. Soon afterwards, qualitative information were categorized for analysis whereas the quantitative data were processed and analyzed through software Microsoft Excel. There were identified 26 companies related with the timber industrialization in Cotriguaçu. Factors as the difficult access to certain sites and the unavailability of some leaders, limited the inclusion of only 18 companies in the research. The activity period considered was the 2003 year when, among the 18 appraised companies, only 15 operated. They consumed during that period about 137,96 thousand cubic meters of wood in log, what resulted in a total production of 69,1 thousand cubic meters among sawed (34%), engineered (24%) and laminated wood (42%). From this production, 68% were consumed by the internal market and the remaining exported. Those 15 companies were still responsible for the generation of 636 direct jobs, being most of these in the industrial area (83%). On the other hand, it was verified that the forestry activity in Cotriguaçu has been developing on unsustainable bases. About 65% of the volume consumed in the analyzed period, originated from deforestation and illegal extractions. The existence of a complex factors interaction influenced the performance of the companies and determined the inexpressive forestry management in the supply of raw material for the industries. The disloyal competition imposed by the illegality and the excessive bureaucracy that govern the elaboration and approval processes of forestry management plans were considered as demotivating factors to the posture change of the local entrepreneurs regarding the forest utilization. The great amount of illegally originated wood and the expressive indication of irregularities in the fiscalization activities point to the great vulnerability of the control and fiscalization mechanisms. Considering the current development stage of the local forestry activity, it was concluded that the interrelation of all these observed factors contributes in medium time period for the inviabilization of the forestry activity, sustaining the hypothesis of the possible local underdevelopment with the perpetuation of the boom-collapse cycle.

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