Determinação dos salários na agropecuária brasileira - período de 1971 a 1996. / Determination of the brazilian agricultural wages – from 1971 to 1996.

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2002

RESUMO

This paper analyzes the performance of rural wages and it also estimates wage equations for temporary and permanent workers. The analyzed time period is 1971 through 1996, and three aggregations of wages were considered: for the entire Brazil, for the region with more sophisticated agriculture and for the region with less sophisticated agriculture. Agricultural labor force was divided into two categories: temporary and permanent workers. It was considered that agricultural labor market has two different wage structures, for temporary and permanent workers, and the historic process of labor market formation created particular features for these workers. The analysis was conducted considering wages paid for entire Brazil and for two regions. The states were aggregated according to their agriculture’s technical level. The state of Acre and Northeast Brazil s states, except the state of Piaui, form the less sophisticated agricultural region. The states of Center-Western, Southeast and Southern Brazil form the more sophisticated agricultural region. In order to determine the econometric equations, both market-oriented variables and institutional variables were considered as independent variables. Minimum wage is the institutional variable considered. By using pooling techniques, rural wage equations were estimated. The error has a componentstructure. Due to that, the Fuller &Battese technique was used. The results for temporary workers wage equation was not good when wages were aggregated for the entire Brazil. The coefficients for minimum wage (WM) and the ratio between received and paid prices (Pa) were not statistically significant. Better econometric results appeared for temporary workers’ wage equations when wages were aggregated in two regions. The coefficients of minimum wage (WM) were statistically significant. The coefficient of Pa, however, was not statistically significant. The coefficient of alternative wage (WU) was positive and statistically significant. The same results appeared for the labor productivity coefficient (Pmo), except for the temporary workers’ wage equation for the more sophisticated region. In the latter region, income transfer happened from the temporary workers to the capital owners. Similar results were found for permanent workers’ wage equations estimated for the entire Brazil and its two regions. All independents variables but Pa were statistically significant. Generally, the biggest and the most statistically significant coefficient appeared for the minimum wage variable. It has worked as an indexation for the rural wages, in the same way that the economic literature proved it for the unskilled, urban workers. However, the minimum wage law is not enough to prevent the rural workers in receiving a wage below the minimum wage. Despite the huge labor productivity increase, Pmo affected mo re the permanent workers wages. In the more sophisticated region, there is an income transfer from temporary workers to the capital owners, because the estimated coefficient of Pmo is negative. From the above results, it is possible to state that rural wage is strongly determined by institutional forces, such as minimum wage, and market forces have a smaller influence on rural wages.

ASSUNTO(S)

rural wage salário mínimo trabalhador não-qualificado mercado de trabalho trabalhador rural minimum wage unskilled worker rural worker salário rural labor market

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

Documentos Relacionados