Determinação da composição de carotenoides e antocianinas de camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia). / Composition determination of carotenoids and anthocyanin in camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia).

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2004

RESUMO

Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia) is a small round fruit native to the Amazon rain forest, which colour changes from red to purple during the ripening process. Due to its high nutritional value, these fruit awareness has increased considerably over the last years, especially because of its huge contents of ascorbic acid, high levels of potassium beyond the presence of carotenoids and anthocyanins. Not only are the carotenoids and the anthocyanins responsible for the attractive colours of flowers, fruits and vegetables, but also for a rainbow of health benefits. As far as we are concerned, there is no available survey regarding the pigments composition of camu-camu. Considering its potential, the aim of this study was to separate, by high performance liquid chromatography, carotenoids and anthocyanins; to identify and quantify them. Camu-camu from two cities located in São Paulo State, named Iguape and Mirandópolis , were analysed. Forty six carotenoids were isolated by TLC and HPLC, using C18 and C30 reversed phase columns. The identity of forty three carotenoids was confirmed and three were not identified. All-trans-lutein was the major carotenoid found in camu-camu from both cities and presented the concentrations of 160.5 ± 93.1mg/100g for the fruits from Iguape and of 601.9 ± 75.6 mg/100g for the fruits from Mirandópolis, contributing to 45% and 55% of the total carotenoid content. The following were b-carotene (72.8 ± 60.9 mg/100g and 142.3 ± 19.4 mg/100g), violaxanthin and luteoxanthin. Together, these three carotenoids accounted for 27% and 31% of the total carotenoid content found in the fruits produced in Iguape and Mirandópolis, respectively. When comparing camu-camu from both cities, the fruits from Mirandópolis (1096.4 ± 198.0 mg/100g) presented total carotenoid concentration significantly higher than those from Iguape (363.4 ± 217.4 mg/100g). The analysis of the anthocyanin crude extract, by HPLC, provided the separation of nine anthocyanins in the samples from Mirandópolis and only six in the samples from Iguape. Two of them, cyanidin-3-glucoside and delphinidin-3-glucoside, had their identity confirmed by mass spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. In contrast to the carotenoids results, the camu-camu produced in Iguape (56.4 ± 26.7 mg/100g) presented higher levels of total anthocyanins, in comparison to Mirandópolis fruits (30.1 ± 5.5 mg/100g). Cyanidin-3-glucoside, being the major anthocyanin, contributed to 88% of total content followed by delphinidin-3-glucoside that represented 4% in camu-camu from Iguape and 5% in the fruits from Mirandópolis.

ASSUNTO(S)

anthocyanin carotenoids camu-acamu carotenoides antocianina

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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