Desenvolvimento de um protÃtipo de rastreador solar de baixo custo e sem baterias

AUTOR(ES)

Carlos Antonio Alves de Oliveira

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2007

RESUMO

In the last fifty years, the use of solar energy in the world has been growing considerably in its principal modalities: thermal and photovoltaic. Although there has been significant evolution of the photovoltaic technology along the last decades, the cost of the energy produced by those systems is still expensive when compared to the energy produced by conventional systems. Several technologies tending to reduce those costs have been proposed and tested. One of them is the use of devices that follow the movement of the Sun (Solar Trackers). In this work, a prototype of solar tracker that follows the Sun in its movement along the East-West direction is presented and tested. This tracker uses only simple and low cost electronic components on its control circuit. A mechanical support was also developed to allow the suntracking. The developed system eliminates the high costs related to acquisition and maintenance of imported and industrialized systems. It uses the energy produced by its own photovoltaic collectors to follow the Sun along the day, and the absence of generation of energy during the night to activate the return of the arrangement to its initial position in the morning, which eliminates the need of a sensor to command the return of the system. Some adjustments in the control system turned the tracker less sensitive to diffuse radiation, reducing the occurrence of mistakes when it follows the Sun in cloudy days (typical problem of solar trackers). Tests showed satisfactory results of the system operation. The tracker worked reliably in cloudy days and with low radiation level and it presented good accuracy to follow of the Sunâs movement on sunny days, with maximum error of 1 degree. The gain verified in the collected daily energy varied between 15%, for a cloudy day, and 31% for a day of clean sky. The cost of the project was about 34% of the cost of an industrialized system with similar characteristics

ASSUNTO(S)

engenharia nuclear geraÃÃo fotovoltaica photovoltaic solar energy rastreador solar solar tracker sun tracking energia solar

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