Desenvolvimento de um "phantom" para treinamento de biopsia de mama guiada por ultra-som / Phantom for Breast Biopsy Training Guided by Ultrasound

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2005

RESUMO

The main aim of work was the construction and characterization of acoustics proprieties of a prototype of phantom for the training of the breast biopsy guided by ultrasound. An important property of this phantom is its capacity of being thermically rebuilt after punctuated during the training and/or suffered any mechanic damage. For this purpose, a recycling system was developed especially for the phantom. Among the materials available for this study, the paraffin gel was shown to be stable for the proposed experimental conditions, such as room temperature between 22 and 26oC, a density of 0.85 g/cm3 for the sample with a concentration of 4%, which is inferior to the density of the soft tissue (~ 1g/cm3), therefore becoming the materials used in the following experiments. The material which simulates the tissue was obtained by the addition of solid particles of glass to the paraffin gel. Two acoustic measurement techniques were used to characterization of the material. For the first technique amplitude mode (mode-A) was applied and for the second brightness mode (mode-B) was applied. In a frequency range of diagnostic ultrasounds (between 1 and 10 MHz), the attenuation coefficient for mode-A was of 0.75 dB/cm/MHz, equivalent to the one indicated by the soft tissue literature. The sound speed was of 1431.2 m/s at a temperature of 22oC. This velocity is lower than the average velocity for the breast tissue, which is of 1510 m/s, there being closer to the velocity for fat, i.e., 1470 m/s. The attenuation of the brightness mode was studied through the comparison of various relative attenuations of the images given by the samples, being inversely correlated to the attenuation found in the amplitude mode. The speed of the sound was also evaluated by that technique being obtained a medium value of 1416.1 m/s for the studied samples. Solid particles of glass of 45-75 µm of diameter allowed the level of scattering to be close to the one the human soft tissue. The phantom simulates a breast in the supine position, with a 12 cm diameter and 6 cm height. Solid and viscose structures were inserted in its interior as honey of Apis mellifera and the carnauba wax, and also the own paraffin gel, with 10% micro glass spheres, representing "cystic masses" and "tumors", each with a different coloration to facilitate the identification after their removal.

ASSUNTO(S)

biópia ultra-som phantom treinamento. biopsy phantom ultrasound breast mama training.

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