Desenvolvimento de modelagens de não equilibrio para caracterização e aplicação em simulação de colunas de destilação complexas / Development of nonequilibrium models for characterization and application in simulation of complex distillation columns

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2006

RESUMO

Distillation is, certainly, the most applied process in the separation of liquid mixtures. Although this is a very known unit operation, still nowadays some difficulties persist in the proposal of appropriate distillation schemes. Thus, the objective of this work was to apply more realistic models in the characterization of mixtures and in the simulation of distillation process in, both, steady state and dynamic regime. In this way, two softwares developed in the Laboratory of Separation Processes Development were evaluated. These softwares consider the equilibrium and the nonequilibrium stage models in steady state and dynamic regime. The results show that, generally, the profiles obtained with the two models are different, in both regimes. The nonequilibrium stage model was also applied for the systems characterization, in residue curve maps. It was evaluated, still, the influence of Barros &Wolf correlations for efficiencies on residue curve maps. The profiles obtained with the Barros &Wolf correlations show good agreement with the calculated with the nonequilibrium stage model. The calculated residue curve maps showed that residue curves do not cross distillation boundaries. Nowadays, this is a question of controversy, however our results show the correct behavior. Moreover, it was developed in this work a computational program for the characterization of reactive systems. The advantage of the new proposed algorithm is mainly because the program does not depend on initial estimates and it is of easy convergence. The program is, also, able to predict all the azeotropes present in the mixture, when one or more than one exist, or still to affirm that the mixture is zeotropic. The obtained results are in agreement with experimental values or values calculated by other methods. Regarding to reactive distillation, being an innovative process, it was proposed the separation of the mixture phenol + water. The separation of this mixture is of great interest, for economic and environmental issues. Preliminarily, it was carried out a study of an appropriate reaction for the phenol consumption. The considered process takes care of environmental questions, since it only generates current clean and it is, therefore, an alternative process for the phenolic wastewater treatment. Finally, in this work, it was developed a complete set for characterization of systems and simulation of processes, involving the equilibrium and the nonequilibrium stage modes, in steady state and dynamic regime. It was considered, still, an efficient process for the phenolic wastewater treatment

ASSUNTO(S)

destilação diagramas de fase equilibrio liquido-vapor liquid-vapor equilibrium termodinamica de sistemas em não-equilibrio distillation azeotrope azeotropo nonequilibrium thermodynamics phase diagrams

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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