Descartes e a demonstração da impossibilidade da reprodução mecanica da inteligencia / Descartes and the demonstration of the impossibility of the mechanical reproduction of intelligence

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

The present study is an analysis of the work of Descartes from that what it has most controversial of the mind-body problem. The metaphysical experiment, that leads Descartes from the discovery of the Cogito to the discovery of God and the world, allows the philosopher to derive three fundamental consequences: a) the mind is from immaterial nature (res cogitans); b) the body is from material nature (res extensa); c) the human being is the only endowed being of body and soul (a substantial composite). Cartesian subject is, the according the metaphysical procedure, foundation first of all knowledge. That is, all thinking presupposes a subject who thinks. Based on metaphysical grounds, the physic is raised to the condition of science. Once, the difference in nature between mind and body, is estabilized, the philosopher says, that the thought is a property of mind, or a human prerogative. Devoid of spirit or soul, the physical world is conceived as a great machine. The bodies, because they are governed by the laws of mechanical automatas, are natural or artificial automatas (made by the human being). Considered insoluble from the rational point of view, the mind-body problem no longer, however, exist in the sphere of the substantial union. The human being is a substantial composite. Because it has mind, the human being is a free being (indetermined), but because it is endowed of body, the human being is in terms of functions, determined. It is intended to identify in the cartesian work conceptual elements and argumentative procedures, that make possible to demonstrate our thesis: the machines do not think, because they consist only of matter. According to Descartes, there is an empirical evidence that shows the ability to thought: the ability to speak and act. Although it seems to talk and to act, both the animals as the machines are unable to use the language and make free decisions. To talk is different to pronounce words. The ability to freely compose sentences and to know the meaning of the words. Defined, so, as artifacts or mechanical devices, the machines are able to realize operations, but not to act. Acting is different from operating. While in the operation acts a causal determinism, in the action is a free will present. If the human being is the only being capable of thought, because it is a free being, able to selfdetermine. The inaugural mark of modern thought, the cartesian work continues to challenge and to instigate contemporary critics. It is the philosophical and scientific dispute about the nature of mind that makes the cartesian thought not only current, but insuperable

ASSUNTO(S)

thought subject (philosophy) body and mind filosofia moderna sujeito (filosofia) corpo e mente machines pensamento modern philosophy máquinas

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