Desafios e oportunidades da geração eólica e termelétrica a gás natural no Sistema Elétrico Peruano. / Challenges and opportunities of the wind generation and to natural gas thermal in the Peruvian Electricity System.

AUTOR(ES)
FONTE

IBICT - Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

08/02/2012

RESUMO

Several countries around the world have increasingly sought to diversify their electrical matrix in order to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and reduce emissions of gases responsible for worsening greenhouse effect in the atmosphere. As a result, has grown the participation of some renewable energy sources that until two decades ago did not occupied a prominent place in the world energy matrix, such as wind power. The Natural gas, although it is a fossil resource, is considered less pollutant and it has replaced petroleum products in various applications among them in the generation of electricity. The Peru, in order to meet its growing demand for electricity, has been seeking new alternatives between them wind power, and on a larger scale, thermoelectricity with the use of natural gas whose availability has increased considerably since the beginning of the exploitation of the fields of Camisea. This study has the objective of evaluate, both in a short-term outlook and long-term the impact of a greater insertion of wind energy and expansion of natural gas thermal on the economic operation of the hydrothermal Peruvian system. This evaluation is performed based on the analysis of the following arguments of merit: the marginal cost of operation (CMO), cost of system operation, displacement of thermal generation and profile and generation dispatch of generating units (MWh). Simulations of Peruvian electric system \"with\" and \"without\" participation of wind generation were realized and from the results obtained, it was performed a comparative analysis based on the proposed scenarios. To effectuate the simulations, it was used a computational tool called PERSEO. This program, used by the Peruvian electricity sector, allows simulating the hydrothermal system with features of a representation of system multi-reservoir, multi-nodal and multi-scenario using stochastic dynamic programming. The study also presents the main characteristics of the Peruvian Electric Sector focusing on its evolution, challenges and expansion plan, where, based on this proposal were elaborated the simulations. The results obtained with the insertion the wind generation, based on premises and proposed scenarios, were considered positive. There was an average annual decline of 18% in the marginal costs of operation, which represents a decrease in operating costs around U.S. $ 28 million a year, i.e. 4% of the total. With respect to natural gas thermal generation, the impact of greater insertion of this in the system was also positive, with reduction the cost system operation and displacement of more polluting thermal generation (fuel oil and coal). Additionally it was performed an analysis of the complementarity potential of generation wind and hydro and of the plan for expansion of hydro power with electrical energy export to Brazil.

ASSUNTO(S)

despacho econômico economic dispatch geração eólica peruvian electric system sistema elétrico peruano térmica a gás natural thermal natural gas wind generation

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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