Densidade populacional, padrões demográficos e dinâmica da população de perfilhos em pastos de capim-marandu submetidos a lotação contínua e ritmos de crescimento contrastantes / Tiller population density, demographic patterns of tillering and tiller population dynamics on continuously stocked marandu palisadegrass subjected to contrasting rhythms of growth

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

Tillering is a growth strategy that forage grasses developed during their coevolution with herbivores as a means of ensuring survival, perennation and productivity, which is strongly influenced by several environmental and management factors. Recent studies, focusing on tillering of tropical grasses, have contributed to the understanding of plant responses to grazing management practices. However, it is still necessary to make further progress in that area, particularly for marandu palisadegrass, one of the most used grass species in Brazil. The objective of this experiment was to describe and quantify patterns of tillering of continuously stocked marandu palisadegrass maintained at 30 cm subjected to contrasting rhythms of growth generated by nitrogen fertilisation. Treatments corresponded to three nitrogen application rates (150, 300 and 450 kg/ha of N) plus the control (no fertilisation), and were allocated to experimental units (1200 m2 paddocks) according to a complete randomised block design, with four replications. During the experimental period (January/2007 to April/2008) the following response variables were monitored: tiller population density (TPD), rates of tiller appearance (TAR), death (TDR) and survival (TSR), and population stability index (SI). Swards subjected to faster rhythms of growth (fertilised with 300 and 450 kg/ha of N) resulted in larger TPD and higher TAR and TDR, particularly in late spring and summer, determining a faster turnover in tiller population relative to those subjected to slower rhythms of growth (no fertilised or fertilised with 150 kg/ha of N). Continuously stocked marandu palisadegrass swards maintained at 30 cm were effective in ensuring tiller replacement, ensuring persistency and productivity throughout the year regardless of the growth rhythm imposed, even when availability of environmental growth conditions was limited. However, the transition period between early and late spring was critical for the management of this grass species, since it was the time swards underwent the highest turnover in tiller population. Grazing management mistakes under those conditions can compromise sward longevity and productivity during the next growing season. Nitrogen intensifies the tiller turnover process when environmental growth conditions are not limiting, accelerating restoration of sward leaf area and productivity.

ASSUNTO(S)

densidade populacional brachiaria brizantha pastejo-manejo perfilhação. grazing management dinâmica de populações nitrogênio tillering capim-marandu nitrogen

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