Dendrocronologia de árvores de mogno, Swietenia macrophylla King., Meliaceae, ocorrentes na floresta tropical Amazônica do Departamento de Madre de Dios, Peru / Dendrochronology of the mahogany trees, Swietenia macrophylla King., Meliaceae, occurring in the Amazon Rainforest of the Department of Madre de Dios, Peru

Jedi Rosero Alvarado

Studies in phenology and wood anatomy show a cyclical development and growth related to climatic conditions (temperature and rainfall) and site characteristics (competence, light, water storage in the soil, etc.), the sensibility to these factors results, for some tree species, in seasonality of cambium activity and formation of annual tree-rings. This characteristic enables to estimate age, growth rate in trunk diameter and reconstruction of climatic events, as well as in application of techniques of sustainable forest management. In this study, dendrochronological techniques were applied in mahogany trees from two populations in the Amazon rainforest of Peru, with the aim of (i) characterization of macroscopic and microscopic wood structure and the tree rings, (ii) checking the annual formation of tree rings and determining tree age, (iii) evaluation of the biodeterioration in wood of trees (hollow), (iv) application the X-ray densitometry in the study of wood and tree rings and (v) application the tree rings in dendroclimatology and dendroecology. Twenty mahogany trees were selected in two populations located in the department of Madre de Dios, Peru and removed radial samples from the trunk, with increment corer (Pressler). In October, 2006 injuries in the trunk of mahogany trees were carried out and in October 2007, the scars were analyzed, associating them to the formation of the tree rings. Wood and tree rings anatomic structure was characterized determining its number, width and dendrochronology techniques applied. Tree rings have been synchronized, using COFECHA, ARSTAN and RESPO programs, determining the relation between the width with the climatic variables and the age of trees. The internal wood decay was evaluated by providing the internal diameter of hollow in the trunk. The radial variation of the apparent wood density was determined by the X ray densitometry. Tree rings delimited by a marginal axial parenchyma bands are annual and enable to determine the age of mahogany trees (80-122 years) and the construction of chronologies. The climatic determinant variable for the greatest growth in diameter of the trunk of trees was the rainfall in the previous months, beginning and final of the rainy season (June - August, December and March) indicating its potential for climatic reconstructions. The radials profiles of apparent density of wood, obtained for X ray densitometry, making possible identification of the exact limit of growth rings for minimal values of density in the region of marginal parenchyma. The regression analysis between ring width measured with Velmex (0,001) table and for X ray was r2=0.92, showing the potential of X rays as tool for dendrochronological studies. Decay in the trunk was observed in 20 % of trees over 62 cm of DBH.

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