Deficiência auditiva e seus fatores de risco em neonatos e lactentes: estudo em hospital público de Belo Horizonte

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2006

RESUMO

The neonatal hearing screening is an important tool for early detection of hearing impairment in children; the objective is the early intervention to avoid language and learning disorders. Hearing impairment has a high prevalence in neonates and should be treated as a Public Health problem. The characterization of risk factors associated with hearing loss is important because it gives information to the family and professionals, besides being useful for definition of specific and effective strategies, on the identification and control of hearing loss in children. Findings were analyzed for 798 infants born in Hospital Municipal Odilon Behrens (HMOB) and evaluated in Hearing Screening Program between June of 2002 and December of 2003. They were monitored since birth until the outcome of the hearing condition diagnosis. The first article investigates the prevalence of hearing loss and its risk factors in children born in HMOB, looking for verification of association using a multivariated analysis. The prevalence of hearing impairment was 3,6% (29 cases). The multivariate analysis showed a significant association between hearing loss and the factors: repeated otitis, suspicion of hearing loss by the relatives, ototoxic drugs, syndromes, meningitis, prematurite and prolonged mechanical ventilation. A significant prevalence of hearing impairment in neonates and infants was confirmed. Therefore, attention should be given to risk factors that increase the chances of problem occurrence. The second article focuses on the description of the children with hearing impairment detected in the Neonatal Hearing Screening Program of HMOB, the characterization of the type of hearing loss and risk factors, the determination of the prevalence of hearing loss for each risk factor and the description of the interval between suspicion and confirmation of the hearing loss. Out of the 29 cases with hearing loss, 4 had sensorineural hearing loss, 14 had conductive hearing loss and 11 central auditory processing disorder. All the 4 children with sensorineural hearing loss were premature and had a birthweight less than 1500 g. The risk factors with bigger prevalence of hearing loss were: suspicion of hearing loss by the relatives (57,1%), hyperbilirubinemia with exchange transfusion (50,0%), meningitis (42,9%) and syndromes (37,5%). The presence of multiple factors that increase the probability of hearing problem when together was detected. The interval between suspicion and confirmation of hearing loss was 4,2 months. The importance of health hearing programs that provide prevention, early detection and intervention is confirmed by this study.

ASSUNTO(S)

triagem neonatal decs hospitais públicos decs dissertação da faculdade de medicina. ufmg fatores de risco decs promoção da saúde/tendências decs meningite/complicações decs dissertações acadêmicas decs perda auditiva/epidemiologia decs lactente decs pediatria teses. recém-nascido decs prematuro decs audiologia decs otite/complicações decs

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