Da fazenda Caguaçu à área de proteção ambiental: a APA do Carmo no cerne da Zona Leste paulistana / From the Caguaçu farm to the area of environmental protection: the APA Carmo in the east zone of São Paulo

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2010

RESUMO

Within the fervor of the social movements of the 1980s, an area, on the Eastside of the city of São Paulo, mostly owned by São Paulos Metropolitan Housing Company (COHAB-SP), became the target of the popular movements struggle to safeguard the natural environment, in large part due to the pressure of the intense urbanization that surrounded it. In 1989, after many manifestations by these movements, a law was approved, creating the Area of the Protection of Nature of the Park and Agricultural Estate of Carmo (APA do Carmo). An APA is a unit of conservation, which has as one of its principle characteristics that of not exacting compulsory seizure of property. Another is that, by establishing zoning, categories are defined for the various usages of each zone, ranging from the least to the most restrictive. This study proposes to give an historical reconstruction of the space that now constitutes this APA in the heart of the Eastern side of the city of São Paulo and was provoked by queries arising from the rationale that has led to a string of large tracts of adjacent land with environmental features that justify the struggle for their preservation, so as not to be overrun by the savage urbanism that surrounds them. The source used, in many aspects, for reconstructing the history of the area in the East Zone, that now holds the APA do Carmo, was the consultation of documents from land registry offices and other public archives. For such three historical boundaries were defined to guide the analysis of the transformation of these spaces. One of them examined the existence of the aldeamento de São Miguel, a type of enforced indigenous village system (part of a project that proposed to reorganize the habitation of the plateau of São Paulo, during the colonial period, based on the use of indigenous labor and put into practice in the context of the structure of property ownership of the time, founded on the system called the Sesmarias). Another boundary investigated a period of almost two hundred years (from 1722 until 1919) in which a large agricultural estate, called Caguaçu, was formed and remained in the hands of a male community of the Carmelite Order, Rio Province, (Provincia Carmelitana Fluminense). Finally, the last boundary focused on the origins of the process of urbanization in the city of São Paulo (between the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century), when property agents, dealing in land for urban development, were able to take full advantage of a complex and nebulous land structure handed down from the colonial period, and exploit mechanisms that left indelible marks on the urbanization of the East Zone of São Paulo

ASSUNTO(S)

ownership and property of land unidade de conservação east zone grilagem land fraud posse e propriedade da terra são paulo (cidade) são paulo (the city) unit of conservation urbanização zona leste

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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