Cytogenetic study of species of the genero Pseudis and Lysapsus (Anura, Hylidae, Hylinae) / Estudo citogenetico de especies dos generos Pseudis e Lysapsus (Anura, Hylidae, Hylinae)

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2005

RESUMO

The taxonomic position, phylogenetic relationships, synonymization of species considered to be distinct, existence of subspecies, and the proposals of intrageneric groups of the genera Pseudis and Lysapsus have always been a matter of discussion among herpetologists. The genera Pseudis and Lysapsus have already been included in the family Pseudidae and also in the subfamily Hylidae. Recently, these two genera have been allocated to the subfamily Hylinae as distinct genera. Pseudis paradoxa, P. minuta and Lysapsus limellus, cytogenetically analyzed by other investigators, show a chromosome number of 2n=24, and Pseudis sp. (aff. minuta), now cytogenetically confirmed as the recently described P. cardosoi, has 2n=28 chromosomes, including four additional pairs of telocentric chromosomes. In the present study, we analyzed the pattem of heterochromatin distribution and the number and location of the nucleolar organizer region (NOR) by conventional chromosome staining in species of the genera Pseudis and Lysapsus, except for L. laevis, in order to add cytogenetic traits to the systematics and to the study of the phylogeny of the two genera, in addition to providing evidence for the understanding of the processes involved in the chromosome evolution of these groups. Cytogenetic analysis revealed that the complement of 2n=24 chromosomes is a plesiomorphic condition both in the genus Pseudis and in the genus Lysapsus, and confirmed the hypothesis that the origin of the 2n=28 karyotype is the same as that of the 2n=24 karyotype of P. minuta since the heterochromatic marker bands in the two karyotypes were not detected in any of the species analyzed in the present study. Analysis of the chromosome morphology and the pattem of heterochromatin distribution permitted the inter- and intrageneric separation of the two genera, except for the subspecies Pseudis paradoxa paradoxa and P. p. platensis which presented common cytogenetic data. In addition to permitting the separation of Lysapsus and Pseudis species, the differences detected in the pattem of heterochromatin distribution also suggested the reassessment of the taxonomic status of the subspecies L. limellus limellus and L. I. bolivianus, especially of the L. I. bolivianus population from Guajará-Mirim, which differed in the morphology and banding pattem of chromosomes 7 and 8 in relation to the other populations of the same subspecies. The presence of the NOR on the long arms of the chromosomes of pair 7 was a plesiomorphic trait both in the genus Pseudis and in the genus Lysapsus, and the position the NOR occupies on the long arm is an important cytogenetic characteristic for the separation of Pseudis species. Chromosome morphometry, banding pattern and NOR position on chromosomes 7 also permitted the detection of heteromorphic sex chromosomes in the ZZlZW system of P. tocantins, with evidence that mechanisms of inversion and heterochromatinization caused the differentiation of the Z and W chromosomes

ASSUNTO(S)

bandeamento cromossomico sex chromosomes cytogenetics chromosome banding citogenetica região organizadora do nucleolo cromossomos sexuais nucleolus organizer region

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