Crescimento inicial de espécies arbóreas em substrato impacto por resíduo industrial alcalino rico em zinco

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2010

RESUMO

xiv Abstract The industrial production of zinc alloys generates large amounts of chemical waste. An area of approximately 16 hectares previously designed for the reception of industrial waste was selected as a target for an environmental recovery project, objective of this work. The results showed a significant difference between the control and contaminated soil due to high pH, lower microbial biomass and reduced concentration of organic matter, phosphorus and nitrogen. From floristic and phytosociological studies adjacent to the impacted area, eight tree species were selected for use in vegetation restoration project. The resilience and adaptability to the conditions of the degraded area was analized by experiment in a greenhouse, which evaluated the growth of the respective species for 120 days in pots containing the contaminated soil, with subsequent addition of chemical fertilizer, organic substrate and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spores extracted from an uncontaminated control area. Among the tested species, Astronium fraxinifolium Schott (Gonçalo Alves), Peltophorum dubium Spreng. (Canafístula) e, Dipteryx alata Vogel (Baru) were very sensitive to the contaminated soil due to the high mortality of plants. Copaifera Desf. (Copaíba) e Hymenaea stignocarpa Mart. (Jatobá do Cerrado), despite registering a high survival rate, have not properly developed in contaminated soil. Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong (Tamboril), Tamarindus indica L. (Tamarindo) e Tabebuia ochraceae (Cham.) Standl. (Ipê amarelo do Cerrado), presented high survival and proper development of species, particularly in treatments with organic substrate. Overall, the use of organic matter added to soil assigned the ability to mitigate the impact in all tested species. The organic substrate derived from earthworm castings, compost litter and manure demonstrated, respectively, the best organic complement for the contaminated soil for Tamboril. We detected a rate of colonization of roots by mycorrhizal fungi greater than 50% in species subjected to the treatments inoculated with spores. Leaf concentrations of phosphorus and zinc were determined and, in general, the proposed treatments to mitigate the impact of degraded soil in the area provided a higher amount of phosphorus in the leaves of the evaluated species. There were no high concentration of zinc in the leaves. It was recommended the planting of Ipe, Tamboril and Tamarindo, associated with the use of additional organic matter and mycorrhizal inoculation with spores, for revegetation of the degraded area and other areas whose disruption in the physical, chemical and biological soil are similar to the area of study.

ASSUNTO(S)

botânica teses. degradação ambiental teses. metais pesados teses.

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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