Control of root knott nematodes (Meloidogyne spp) and cyst (Heterodera glycines) with silicates / Controle dos nematÃides de galhas (Meloidogyne spp.) e do cisto (Heterodera glycines) com silicatos

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2007

RESUMO

Seeds of lettuce, tomato, cucumber and soybean were placed to germinate in substrate containing different doses of potassium silicate (K) or calcium silicate (Ca) to be used in all assays. In field tests, seedling of lettuce and tomato received more K or not by fertirrigation as well as lettuce in greenhouse. In assays with lettuce, cucumber and soybean the silicates were applied at seeding only. The inoculum used in lettuce and tomato assays was M. incognita. In the assay with soybean M. incognita and H. glycines were used. In cucumber assay were used M. incognita and M. javanica. For the in vitro assay, 150 second stage juveniles (J2) of M. incognita were placed in Petri dishes containing K at dose of 0, 0,8; 1,6; 3,2 or 6,4 mL.dm-3 of water and mobility and mortality were assessed. Soybean was sown in glass tubes filled with sand plus dose of K (0; 0,8; 1,6 or 3,2 mL.dm-3) or Ca (0, 1,0; 2,0 or 4,0 g.dm3). In another test, seeds of soybean were sown in germinating tissue paper soaked with doses of K. the seedlings were transplanted to seeding trays and inoculated with 150 J2 of M. incognita. The field test with fertirrigation, calcium and potassium silicates caused reduction of total number of galls and eggs and galls and eggs per gram of lettuce roots. On tomatoes, the highest dose of calcium silicate (4.0 g.dm3) reduced the number of galls and eggs when compared to the control and to the other doses by fertirrigation or not. On lettuce, the silicates applied only at sowing (without fertirrigation) or at sowing plus fertirrigation in greenhouse caused significant reduction on number of galls and egg masses compared to control plants without application of any chemical. Cucumber plants showed reduction on number of galls and eggs of M javanica when treated with calcium and potassium silicates. Only the highest dose of 3,2 mL of potassium silicate decreased the total number of galls per root system of M. incognita roots but all doses reduced egg number. Calcium silicate aplicated in cucumber at doses of 1,0 and 2,0 g decreased the total number of galls and eggs of M. incognita. There was a reduction of the total of number of eggs/cyst and H. glycines females of soybean root system with application of Ca and K in the greenhouse. On test tubes the number of eggs of m. incognita per soybean root system decreased, with the increase of K dose. The number of eggs/root system and eggs per g of root decreased from application of 1,6 mL on when soybean was sown on germination paper.

ASSUNTO(S)

pepino tomato, lettuce controle biolÃgico potassium silicate tomate soybean fitopatologia biological control cucumber silicato de potÃssio alface calcium silicate soja silicato de cÃlcio

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