Contribution to limnological knowledge of brazilian semi-arid reservoir that supply Fortalezas metropolitan region: Pacajus and Gavião dams (Ceará, Brazil) / Contribuição ao conhecimento limnológico de reservatórios do semi-árido brasileiro que abastecem a região metropolitana de Fortaleza: Açudes Pacajus e Gavião (Ceará, Brasil)

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2007

RESUMO

The main aim of this research was to investigate the influence of climatic and hydrodynamicsalterations about physical stability, resources availability, zooplankton community structure and spatial heterogeneity standard of Pacajus and Gavião dams, collected at two-month period between Nov. 1988 and Dec. 1998. In the reservoirs, the sample stations were distributed along the main longitudinal axis, being six on Pacajus dam and five on Gavião dam. Water temperature, electric conductivity, turbidity, pH and dissolved oxygen were measured in regular intervals in water column using a multiparametric probe (HORIBA U-10). Sample for total alkalinity, inorganic dissolved nutrients and total phosphorous determination were collected in the corresponding depth in water column (surface, middle and deep). Chlorophyll a determination was measured in surface samples. Vertical structure of water column in reservoirs was characterized by little thermal and saline gradients, especially duringsecond semester, when wind was the main induced force of turbulent mixture. At this same period dissolved oxygen concentrations were typical supersaturated on both reservoirs. Nutrients dynamic on both dams were dependent on allocthonous contributions during rainy season and on regeneration processes and internal load during dry season. The greatest rank of enrichment and algal biomass measured in Pacajusdam classified it as eutrophic or hipereutrophic while Gaviãos dam was mesotrophic or eutrophic. Spatial heterogeneity of reservoirs was controlled by hydrological regime of the dammed river in case of Pacajusdam, by hydraulic gradients along main axis and the influence of internal hydraulic transferences proceedings in the case of Gaviãos dam and by irregularity on phytoplankton spatial distribution according to trophic gradients. In general, it can be said that zooplankton species ) identified on both dams are representative of Neotropical plankton micro invertebrate fauna, with large geographic distribution in Brazil. The dominance of rotifers in Pacajusdam on Dec. 1998 was favored by hipereutrophic conditions in most of sample stations. Especially, this group of organisms, represented mainly by Brachionus and Keratella, indicators of nutrient enriched environments, were abundant in segments with higher trophic state. Similar behavior was observed to the copepod Thermocyclops decipiens, an indicator of eutrophic conditions, which has colonized regions with higher nutrient concentrations. On the other hand, Copepoda and Cladocera were more abundant on poorer nutrient compartiments of reservoirs, presenting inverse longitudinal gradients in relation with those of Rotifera and Cyclopoida. Therefore, distribution and patterns of zooplankton dominance in Pacajus and Gavião dams were conditioned mainly by spatial-temporal variability of trophic gradients.

ASSUNTO(S)

semi-arid region water resources reservoirs comunidade zooplanctônica semi-árido zooplanktonic community qualidade da água recursos hídricos water quality eutrophication reservatórios space-temporal heterogeneity variabilidade espaço-temporal eutrofização

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