Contribution of corn intercropped with Brachiaria species to nutrient cycling1
AUTOR(ES)
Oliveira, Silas Maciel de
FONTE
Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop.
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO
26/09/2019
RESUMO
RESUMO A dinâmica de biomassa e nutrientes do milho pode ser alterada quando consorciado com Brachiaria (syn. Urochloa spp.). Objetivou-se investigar a dinâmica de biomassa, nitrogênio (N), fósforo (P) e potássio (K) para sistemas de produção de milho consorciado com espécies de Brachiaria. Campos experimentais foram conduzidos durante a safra e safrinha, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas. As parcelas principais foram compostas por espécies de braquiária (B. brizantha,B. ruziziensis, e B. Convert) consorciadas com milho, além de monocultivo de milho. As subparcelas consistiram de períodos de amostragem da forragem, variando de 0 a 60 dias após a colheita do milho. O consórcio não afetou a produtividade de grãos, acúmulo e partição de nutrientes no milho. Após a colheita de grãos, B. brizantha obteve a maior taxa de acúmulo de biomassa na safra (69 kg ha-1 dia-1) e safrinha (17 kg ha-1 dia-1). O acúmulo de nutrientes variou amplamente entre as espécies de Brachiaria e estação de cultivo: 0.2-1.2 kg ha-1 dia-1 para N; 0.01-0.07 kg ha-1 dia-1 para P; e 0.13-0.8 kg ha-1 dia-1 para K. Contudo, o maior acúmulo de nutrientes foi registrado para B. brizantha, seguida de B. ruziziensis e B. Convert. A curto prazo, o milho consorciado com Brachiaria na safra obteve maior efeito sobre a ciclagem de nutrientes e produção de biomassa. O consórcio entre milho e B. brizantha na safra foi a melhor opção para aumentar a produção de biomassa e a ciclagem de N, P e K.ABSTRACT The corn biomass and nutrient dynamics may be altered when it is intercropped with Brachiaria (syn. Urochloa spp.). The present study aimed to investigate the dynamics of biomass, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) for farming systems that produce corn intercropped with Brachiaria species. Field experiments were performed during the season and off-season, in a split-plot design. The main plots were composed of Brachiaria species (B. brizantha,B. ruziziensis and B. Convert) intercropped with corn, in addition to corn monocropping. The subplots consisted of three forage sampling periods, ranging from 0 to 60 days after the corn harvest. The intercropping arrangements did not affect the corn grain yield, nutrient accumulation and partitioning, relatively to the corn monocropping. After the grain harvest, B. brizantha achieved the greater biomass accumulation rate in both the season (69 kg ha-1 day-1) and off-season (17 kg ha-1 day-1). The nutrient accumulation ranged widely between the Brachiaria species and planting seasons: 0.2-1.2 kg ha-1 day-1 for N; 0.01-0.07 kg ha-1 day-1 for P; and 0.13-0.8 kg ha-1 day-1 for K. However, the greatest nutrient accumulation was found for B. brizantha, followed by B. ruziziensis and then B. Convert. In the short-term, corn intercropped with Brachiaria in the season showed the largest effect on the nutrient cycling and biomass yield. The intercropping between corn and B. brizantha in the season was the best way to enhance the biomass yield and the N, P and K cycling.
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