Consumo de sal entre sujeitos portadores de hipertensão arterial : estudos dos determinantes individuais do comportamento / Salt consumption among hypertensive subjects : study of behavioral individual determinants

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to identify the individual factors associated to the behavior of low salt consumption among hypertensive subjects, based on an extension of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The salt consumption was evaluated by 3 distinct behaviors: Behavior I - the use of less than 4g of salt (corresponding to 1 "flat" teaspoon of salt) when you cook one of your usual recipes for any meal; Behavior II - to avoid adding salt/using table salt to the prepared food; Behavior III - to avoid the consumption of food with high salt content. The study was conducted over a 2-month period, with data collection at T0 (baseline) and T1 - 2 months after the first approach. A total of 95 (95/108; 87.9%) participants completed the study for the Behaviors II and III and 45 for the Behavior I (45/53; 84.9%). Questionnaire at baseline included demographic and clinical data, TPB variables (Intention, Attitude, Subjective Norm and Perceived Behavioral Control) and additional variables (Self-efficacy, Habit, Past Behavior, Food Preferences, Hedonic Determinants, Diet Quality and Environment). The Behavior was measured at T0 (Past Behavior) and at T1 (Actual Behavior), using an self-reported item about salt consumption specific for each behavior and through the objective measures: 24h-recall, per capita salt, food-frequency questionnaire for sodium intake(FFQ-Na) and 24-h urinary sodium. Data were initially submitted to a descriptive analysis and afterwards to the inferential analyses: Spearman s correlation coefficient, to investigate the relation between the TPB/additional variables and the motivation (Intention), as well as the relation between the Intention and the Behavior; and finally, linear regression analysis, to determine the ability of the Intention in predicting each one of the 3 Behaviors at the follow-up. The main findings pointed the Self-efficacy and Habit explained 62% in Intention variance related to Behavior I; for Behavior II, Intention was mainly predicted by Perceived Behavioral Control, that explained 19% of its variance; and Self-efficacy, Perceived Behavioral Control and Subjective Norm explained 63% of the Intention variance regarding Behavior III. Intention was a predictor of the Behavior I, explaining 22% of its variance, and statistically bordering predictor of the Behavior III, explaining 4% of its variability. The results provide subsidies to the development of educational interventions based on the Intention and the Behavior (I and III) determinants

ASSUNTO(S)

hipertensão comportamento hypertension behavior nursing enfermagem

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

Documentos Relacionados