Conservação do mico-leão preto (Leontophitecus chrysopygus) : tres tipos de manejo avaliados atraves da ecologia e comportamento

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2004

RESUMO

This study had the objective to carry out three different types of movements of black lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysopygus) individuals (three kinds of management) and to evaluate them through behavioral and ecological parameters for the species. The hypothesis was that if the managed animals showed the same behavioral and ecological tendencies of non-managed wild animals, we could consider that they were adapted to the new environment and that the management would be a success. We collected ecological data of each managed groups and compared with data from a wild group. The first management was a translocation, defined as a transfer of a whole wild group from one area to another. The translocated group presented the death of one individual and two births during the two observation years. A sub adult male has migrated to a neighbor group and has reproduced there. The translocated animals spent less time feeding, foraging and moving than the wild ones, and spent more time in social behavior. There was no difference between the prey capture success among the groups. The translocated group used higher strata in the forest, but both groups preferred the medium canopy. The wild group used more fruits in the diet and the translocated one more gums and insects. The evaluation of the behavioral and ecological parameters of the tamarins after the translocation, suggests that the group has presented success in the new environment adaptation, and the observed differences were probably due to distinct habitat qualities and intra-specific variation, because they were observed one year after the management. The second management was a mixed group reintroduction. The reintroduction is the release of captive animals to a wild area. Mixed groups are defined as artificially formed groups by wild and captive animals. We carried out two mixed group reintroductions, with captive animals with distinct breeding histories. In the first reintroduction the 4 years old captive male survived for 3,5 months. In the second one, the 2, 5 years old captive male survived for five and the 1, 5 years old male for seven months. The reintroduced groups spent less time feeding, foraging and moving than the wild one and more time resting. The second reintroduced group showed temporal changes in behavior, diminishing resting and increasing foraging. The reintroduced groups had lower prey capture success than the wild one, and the first group was less efficient than the second group. The wild group used the forest layers in a different way than the translocated group, using them almost equally. Although the reintroduced captive animals did not survive, temporal changes in the behavior of the captive animals were observed, indicating learning and adaptation, in less than seven months of observation. The third management was a managed dispersal of a male duo, defined as a capture of two wild animals and release in another area, but in the same wild population. It was not possible to collect ecological and behavioral data, and the two released males died after a period of three and eight months. As a management technique the managed dispersal of a male duo had no success

ASSUNTO(S)

conservação ecologia comportamento

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