Comunidades de hidrozoários (Cnidaria) estuarinos do sudeste e sul do Brasil / Communities of stuarine hydrozoans (Cnidaria) from south and southeast of Brazil

AUTOR(ES)
FONTE

IBICT - Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

25/11/2011

RESUMO

The majority of the hydrozoans is marine, but they are also often recorded in estuaries. This environment is considered one of the most important in number of biological invasions. The Brazilian brackish hydrozoan fauna is practically unknown, except for some scattered records. The goals of this study are (1) to survey the planktonic and benthic hydrozoans fauna in four estuaries, Cananéia, Paranaguá, Guaratuba e Babitonga, from southern Brazil, investigating the affinities among these estuaries and also the relationship between estuarine polyps and their substrates; (2) characterize and compare the planktonic and benthonic hydrozoan communities in salinity gradients (3) and between summer (raining station) and winter (dry station); and (4) infer patterns that might help to understand Medusozoan invasion. Samplings were carried out during summer and winter of 2007, 2008 and 2009, at six isohalines for each estuary, whenever it was possible. We also compiled data of literature records of invasive and cryptogenic species and contrasted those records with biological features of these species. We have recorded 37 species of hydrozoans (21 medusa and 17 polyps). Liriope tetraphylla was the most abundant and frequent medusa in the samples of Cananéia and Guaratuba estuaries, but Clytia spp. and Blackfordia virginica were the most abundant medusae in Paranaguá and Babitonga bays, respectively. Bougainvillia muscus, Clytia gracilis and Obelia bidentata were the most frequent polyps in all estuaries. Polyps frequently used barnacles, hydrozoans, mussels shells and mangrove parts as substrates. Clytia gracilis was the species recorded in the largest number of substrates, while Acharadria crocea was recorded more often on artificial substrates. Among the medusae, Ectopleura dumortieri was found only in the highest salinity (30) in all estuaries, while Moerisia inkermanica was recorded in the salinities 10 and 15. Among the polyps, A. crocea was constrained to salinity 30 in all estuaries. The majority of the species of medusa (67%) and polyp (65%) sampled was euryhaline, occurring in at least four different salinities. Communities of medusae vary seasonally, mainly by the abundance variation of the most ubiquitous species. Whilst the community of polyps seems to be less influenced by season, except for A. crocea that occurred only in winter. We have listed 43 (37 Hydrozoa and 6 Scyphozoa) species recorded as invaders and 15 hydrozoan species record as cryptogenic. We have observed that some patterns of invasion in Medusozoa may be related with the species\ biology and with the phylogeny of the group

ASSUNTO(S)

espécies invasoras estuaries estuários hydrozoa hydrozoa salinity sazonalidade seasonality salinidade invaders species

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