Comportamento eletroquímico de nitrofuranos em eletrodos de diamante dopado com boro-modelo para o mecanismo de ação de nitrocompostos com atividades antichagásica / Electrochemical behaviour of nitrofurans on highly boron doped diamond Electrodes-model for the action mechanism of the nitrocompounds with antichagasic activity

Murilo Sérgio da Silva Julião

The electrochemical behaviour of nitrofural (NFZ) at carbon paste, glassy carbon and highly boron doped diamond (HBDD) electrodes was studied in Britton- Robinson (BR) buffer using cyclic voltammetry. The best results were obtained at HBDD electrodes, in which it was possible to stabilize the radical anion (R-NO2•‾) in predominantly aqueous medium as well as to study the interaction between the radical anion and glutathione (GSH), L-cysteine (Cys), and O2. Only at HBDD surface, NFZ was directly reduced to the amine derivative (R-NH2) in the pH range of 2.02 to 4.03 in a process involving six (6.0 ± 0.4) electrons and six protons. In the range of pH 7.04 to 12 and, predominantly aqueous medium, the reduction step split into its two components: the reduction of NFZ to the nitro radical anion (R-NO2•‾) and reduction of R-NO2•‾ to hydroxylamine derivative (R--NHOH) in processes involving one and three (3.1 ± 0.1) electrons respectively. On the anodic scan of the cyclic voltammograms and at pH 8.06, it was observed the oxidation of the hydroxylamine to the nitroso derivative (R-NO), in a process involving 2 (1.7 ± 0.2) electrons and 2 protons. In addition and unreported in the literature on any electrode material, was the detection of a new oxidation peak at pH >8.06, which was observed regardless of whether NFZ had been previously reduced or not. The calculation of n, number of electrons, involved in each electrochemical step was satisfactorily accomplished using the Randles-Sevcik equation. In presence of [Thiol] ≤ 3.7 x 10-2 mol L-1 NFZ is directly reduced to R-NO---Thiol adducts in an electrochemical process involving two electrons and two protons. On the other side, O2 acts as a R-NO2•‾ scavenger and the equilibrium constant for the electron transfer from nitro radical to oxygen, kO2, is 60. The process is catalytic and can be used to the analytical determination of NFZ in the range of 9.9 x 10-7 ≤ [NFZ] ≤ 1.1 x 10-5 mol L-1 at pH 8.0, with amperometric sensitivity of 2.2 x 104 µA L mol-1 cm-2 and detection limit of 3.4 x 10-7 mol L-1. The analytical parameters were similar to those obtained at pH 4.03 using the direct reduction of NFZ to the respective amine derivative in a process involving six electrons and six protons. The characterization of NFZ global reduction process in aqueous medium and at relative low scan rate, 100 mVs-1, was only possible due the intrinsic superficial characteristics of the HBDD electrode, which stabilize the R-NO2•‾ free radical, allowing to work in a large potential window, without losing the R-NO2•‾ oxidation signal.

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