Com os séculos nos olhos: teatro musical e expressão política no Brasil, 1964-1979

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2006

RESUMO

The practice of musical theater in Brazil began on the second half of the 19th century, particularly in the last two decades. A genre of irregular effectiveness, the musical has had its productive moments, followed by less abundant periods. One of its most fertile phases, in this country, was during the 1960s and 1970s. At that time, Brazilian theater was often organized in the form of a singing show in order to answer, with criticism, to the military regime. The aesthetic solutions that these plays resorted to revived local cultural practices of farce and vaudeville, assimilated foreign influences (such as the Germans Erwin Piscator and Bertolt Brecht, and the North American musical) and, above all, affirmed new artistic paths, able to involve the public. However, we should remember that such popular shows were usually restricted to middle-class audiences, which may partly be explained by the context in which they took place. The Brazilian musical texts of that time record the historical moment, establish tendencies that transcend the moment, and leave behind aesthetic lessons to which one can return even today. The epic strategies (for instance, the way music was inserted in the plot) and the dialogues in verse are examples of such lessons. The first chapter of this work draws a general picture of local musical theater starting from 1960, addressing briefly some of the main shows of the genre written and staged in two decades. The second chapter discusses the aesthetic ideas in circulation during those years, particularly Bertolt Brecht s theories, accompanied by what the Brazilian commentators wrote about his work. We also addressed the concepts of Georg Lukács, Hungarian philosopher and critic, intensely read by leftists, of which many were theater artists working in the countrys musicals. Among such artists, we mention Augusto Boal and Ferreira Gullar, who have their ideas addressed in specific sections. Finally, the third chapter analyzes in detail eight theatrical plays, considered as genre models for that phase. After distributing the texts to be examined in four aesthetic families (the collagetext, the play directly inspired in popular sources, the epic text following a Brecht matrix, and the play based on musical comedy), we tried to detail the formal procedures that such works adopted, relating them to their ideological aspects. The structural role of the music was taken into account, besides the use of the verse, which appears in some of those works. Oduvaldo Vianna Filho, Augusto Boal, Gianfrancesco Guarnieri, Ferreira 12 Gullar, Dias Gomes, Chico Buarque and Paulo Pontes are some of the authors of the analyzed plays. When studying the musical plays staged in the country from 1964 to 1979, from Opinião to O rei de Ramos, we noticed a certain aesthetic and ideological maturation, due to times changing which the authors absorbed well , but also coming from the staging of singing shows. During those decades, a repertoire was established that determined perennial historical tendencies, based on comicality (eventually mixed to drama) and on music, in plots often skillfully delineated. Understanding a musical is equivalent to knowing better the atmosphere lived in Brazil during the authoritarian period, which the plays denounce and subvert, while approaching one of the most significant trends in national playwriting of all times. Political musicals attained solutions that, we feel, should be meditated upon, with views to the composition of new works and a wider and more accurate critical and historiographical perception of the national theater.

ASSUNTO(S)

teatro musical literatura brasileira dramaturgia poética teatro (literatura) - história e crítica teatro brasileiro musicais - brasil

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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