Coarse particle suspension in mechanical flotation cells. / Suspensão de partículas grossas em células mecânicas de flotação.

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

Several attempts to correlate particle size and flotation response at the biggest Brazilian plants (iron ore and phosphate) have concluded that coarse particles (dp 100m) do not float efficiently. As solids suspension is a necessary precondition for particle collection, the study of coarse particle suspension in mechanical cells is fully justified and it is the objective of this thesis. In this work, particle suspension was studied in laboratory Denver and Wemco flotation cells (6,0 dm3) with apatite, quartz and hematite coarse particles. Complementary study was carried out in pilot scale with a Metso (3,000 dm3) cell which processed Ni ore in Western Australia. Fluid circulation in Denver and Wemco laboratory cells was characterized by the impeller pumping number (NQ) and also by water velocity (vb) measured at the impellers discharge under a typical range of working rotational speed (900 rpm N 1,300 rpm). For ungassed conditions, Denver impeller showed NQ=0.043 and 12.7cm/s vb 18.3cm/s, whereas Wemco type showed NQ=0.57 and 15.0 cm/s vb 21.8 cm/s. Under gassed conditions (0.05 cm/s JG 0.15cm/s for Denver; 0.52 cm/s JG 0.95 cm/s for Wemco), like centrifugal pumps, the impeller pumping capacity decreased markedly: 0.028 NQ 0.038 and 8.4 cm/s vb 17.3 cm/s for Denver and 0.42 NQ 0.53 and 11.6 cm/s vb 19.8 cm/s for Wemco. Measures using a pressure transducer placed near the stator/impeller discharge region (Denver and Wemco) illustrated the ability of both impellers to create turbulence in the cells. The impellers rotational speed (N) at which no particle remains on the cell bottom for more than one second (Zwieterings 1-s Criterium) was determined for Denver and Wemco cells under gassed (Njsg) and ungassed (Njsu) conditions. An empirical model was used to correlate Njs to particle (diameter-dp, specific gravity-s)-liquid (specific gravity-L; solids mass concentration-X, viscosity-)-gas (JG) properties. The results of the model indicated a ranking for the influence of the variables on Njs based on its power: (L)0.36-0.42>(dp)0.3>(X)0.2 >()0.06-0.07. Regarding apatite particles, taking into account its size, terminal settling velocity (vt) and Njsu, it was possible to address the status of particle suspension (segregation, suspension and dragging) to impeller rotation (N/Njsu) versus fluid velocity at the discharge of the impeller (vt/vb). It was verified that the values of (N/Njsu) and (vt/vb) more favorable to promote the suspension of the coarsest particles are not the same for the finest ones. Distribution of apatite particles (dp=127m) along the height of Denver cell indicated that when N increases, particles become more uniformly distributed along the impellers axis, whereas at lower values of N, a segregation occurs on the cell bottom. At Metso pilot cell, when air feed was increased from JG=0.92 cm/s to 1.59 cm/s, the concentration of coarse particles (D50 >100 m) on the lower part of the cell increased markedly. The adoption of the Sedimentation-Dispersion Model to Denver and Metso cells allowed the identification of the limit of the turbulent zone versus quiescent zone within the cell. In both cells, the higher was the air flow-rate, the lower was the height of the turbulent zone.

ASSUNTO(S)

fosfatos hydrodynamics hidrodinâmica flotação de minérios agitação de líquidos solids suspension mechanical flotation cell

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